By Yusuf Yunus
(NAN)
Edited by Olawunmi Ashafa
By Lydia Ngwakwe
Stakeholders in the investment space have expressed commitment to address the barriers that prevent women from fully participating in the impact investing sector.
Impact investing is defined as the deployment of funds into investments that generate a measurable and beneficial social or environmental impact alongside a financial return on investment.
The stakeholders made this known at the inaugural gender impact investment summit, organised by the Impact Investors Foundation (IIF) and the Nigeria National Board for Impact Investment, on Thursday, in Lagos.
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that the summit which brought together over 300 stakeholders in the impact investing space had the theme: “Closing the Gender Financing Gap in Nigeria.”
The summit, which also discussed policies needed to unlock opportunities, saw participants making commitments to reducing the gender financing gap in Nigeria.
They also proposed gender targets for investee companies, building pipelines of female fund managers, and actionable policies to streamline gender inclusion.
The stakeholders also expressed commitment to creating opportunities for women to access finance, enhance the awareness of gender-lens investing, and expand networking and partnerships.
Dr Betta Edu, Minister of Humanitarian Affairs and Poverty Alleviation, emphasised the need for gender lens investing, an investment strategy that intentionally considers the positive or negative impact of an investment on gender equality.
Edu called for concrete steps to increase women’s participation across the impact investing value chains from asset owners to fund managers.
The minister was represented at the event by Carol Nelson-Atuonwo, Special Adviser (Strategy).
“Closing the financial gap for women in Nigeria is achievable and will entail concerted efforts in policy making, capacity building on gender mainstreaming and continuous engagement with all actors and stakeholders with focus on tackling the root causes,” Edu said.
The Chairman, Impact Investors Foundation (IIF), Mr Afolabi Oladele, noted that there was a problem with widespread access to finance, especially for women in Northern Nigeria.
Oladele said, “Women still struggle with baseline needs, particularly in the North and this affects the balance. Women generally earn less than men even when they do the same job as the men.’’
Mrs Ibukun Awosika, Chairperson, Nigerian National Advisory Board for Impact Investing (NABII), who spoke virtually, called for gender inclusivity in boards of corporate organisations to drive profitability.
Mr Tunde Mabawonku, Executive Director, Retail and Digital Bank, Wema Bank, encouraged participants, especially women, to make the right investment choice and be deliberate in their plans to succeed in their careers and their businesses.
Ms Thelma Ekiyor Olu-Solanke, Chair SME.NG/Member, NABII, while delivering a micro talk on the topic: “The Nigerian NABII Agenda on Gender and Financing Women through the Wholesale Impact Investment Fund (WIIF), said the WIIF was designed to address specific issues around building the ecosystem for impact financing in Nigeria.
According to her, the Nigerian NABII is intentional about incorporating women-led impact projects and will support women in new and underserved markets.
“The Federal Government has committed 50 per cent to the fund. We are looking forward to reaching the $1 billion benchmark by the first quarter of 2024,” she added.
Earlier, Ms Etemore Glover, Chief Executive Officer, IIF and NABII, said: “The summit marks an important milestone in collectively addressing the $320 billion financing gap facing African female fund managers and entrepreneurs.
“IIF remains committed to driving gender-inclusive practices in Nigeria’s impact investing ecosystem.’’
Other speakers at the event include the Managing Director and Co-Founder, Alithea Capital,
Tokunboh Ishmael; Gwen Abiola-Oloke, CEO, DI Africa; and Toni Sanni, Head Corporate Finance and Venture Capital, Emerging Africa Group, among others.
IIF’s commitment to driving gender-inclusive practices in Nigeria’s impact investing ecosystem are important step towards bridging this gap and creating a more equitable future for all. (NAN)
Edited by Chinyere Joel-Nwokeoma
By Okeoghene Akubuike
The International Monetary Fund(IMF) and the University of Oxford have inaugurated “PortWatch ” Platform to monitor and simulate trade disruptions to maritime trade due to climate extremes and other shocks.
This is according to a statement by the IMF, a copy obtained by the News Agency of Nigeria(NAN) in Abuja on Wednesday.
The statement said the platform helped policymakers and the public assess the impact of actual and future trade shocks in affected countries as well as international spillover effects.
“PortWatch is a collaborative innovation between the IMF and the University of Oxford. The open platform is available to the public as a beta version at www.imf.org/portwatch.
” Using satellite-based vessel data and big data analytics, the platform will help policymakers, analysts, and other public stakeholders assess the impact of disruptions to maritime trade.
“Users can simulate the potential indirect spillover effects of port disruptions to other countries in the maritime network and global supply chains.”
It highlighted key features of the platform to include timely indicators on actual and expected trade disruptions in affected countries; and simulation of international spillover effects from actual and hypothetical disasters.
Another feature included climate scenario analysis facilitating the identification of vulnerabilities within the maritime trade network.
The statement quoted Bert Kroese, IMF Chief Statistician, and Data Officer, as saying “PortWatch aims to provide actionable, data-driven insights about how shocks such as extreme weather events and disasters impact trade and supply chains.”
Kroes, also the Director of the Statistics Department, IMF, said the platform’s innovative data sources and visualisation tools were designed to help facilitate international dialogue and inform policy decisions.
The statement quoted Jim Hall, University of Oxford Professor of Climate and Environmental Risks, as saying “shocks to trade and supply chains can propagate rapidly around the world.
“This leads to economic disruptions and real impacts on people.
“Using PortWatch we can track shipping disruption at ports and in critical shipping lanes around the world, providing up-to-date information for decision-makers,” he said.
The statement said PortWatch was selected as one of the winners of the 2022 IMF Climate Innovation Challenge, which fosters innovation and collaboration to tackle economic and financial issues related to climate change.
“It is a collaborative project between the IMF and the Environmental Change Institute at the University of Oxford. Cutting-edge climate risk analytics from Oxford University researchers were embedded within the platform.”
It said the platform was developed in collaboration with Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI), the United Nations Global Platform (UNGP), the World Bank (WB), and the World Trade Organization (WTO).
According to the statement, the platform has benefitted from seed funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO).
It said the Environmental Change Institute at the University of Oxford was established in 1991.
It aims to organise and promote interdisciplinary research on the nature, causes, and impact of environmental change and to contribute to the development of management strategies for coping with the future environment. (NAN)(www.nannews.ng)
Edited by Vivian Ihechu
By Rukayat Moisemhe
Stakeholders in the food and beverage industry have urged the Federal Government to disregard any campaign aimed at increasing current Sugar-Sweetened (SSB) tax from N10 per litre to N30 per litre.
Mr Segun Ajayi-Kadir, the Director-General, Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN), via a statement on Wednesday in Lagos, said any move to increase sugar tax would strain the already overwhelmed manufacturing sector.
Ajayi-Kadir noted that the current campaign led by the Corporate Accountability and Public Participation (CAPPA) Group was not in support of manufacturing growth, a critical engine of any country’s economy.
According to him, the manufacturing sector; particularly the food and beverage sub-sector remains crucial to every economy of the world and the realities in Nigeria shows its performance has grown in relevance and value.
He noted that over the years, many multinational companies had been forced to relocate their operations out of the country due to harsh and non-conducive operational environment that impeded ease of doing business.
Ajayi-Kadir said the fear being raised by industry watchers was that Nigeria may once more witnessed mass exodus of beverage industries for the nation’s business landscape if the Federal Government increase the SSB Tax.
This, he said, was because excessive taxation would lead to reduced economic activity in the industry, with the ultimate effect of causing a decline in its contribution to the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
“Data from the World Trade Organisation shows that the food and beverage sector is estimated to contribute 22.5 per cent of the manufacturing industry value, generating an estimated 1.5 million jobs and 4.6 per cent of the country’s GDP.
“The food and beverage sector encompasses a wide range of businesses, including restaurants, cafes, food producers, and beverage manufacturers.
“Beyond its economic value, this industry forms the very fabric of our daily lives, shaping our culture and social interactions.
“Hence, the recent call for increase in Sugar Sweetened Beverage Tax from N10 per litre to N30 per litre poses a potential threat to the operations of this most important sector of the Nigerian economy,” he said.
The director-general averred that a balanced approach to taxation, taking into consideration the unique challenges of this sector, was essential to ensure its continued growth and contribution to the nation’s GDP.
He noted that striking the right balance between tax revenue generation and economic sustainability would be pivotal in preserving this vital economic pillar while fostering growth and innovation in the industry.
Ajayi-Kadir said the recent call for SSB Tax increase by CAPPA, hinging its argument on the claim that the consumption of sugary drinks as a known risk factor for ailments was deflated by health experts.
“Hence, the theory that increasing levies on sugar-sweetened beverages as the way out in mitigating communicable diseases like obesity and diabetes was unfounded.
“According to health experts, a balanced nutritional approach, which allows for the occasional indulgence in sugary beverages, can harmonise with a healthy lifestyle and dispel misconceptions about their influence on obesity and related health issues.
“Expert also stated that the surge in obesity cannot be solely ascribed to sugar; inactive lifestyles, lack of physical activity, and overall poor dietary choices play a significant role in the obesity epidemic.
“This recent call has become worrisome in view of the fact that the industry has in recent time been burdened with excessive taxes and continuous imposition of taxes has its implications that may likely affect the country negatively,” he said.(NAN)(www.nannews.ng)
Edited by Chinyere Joel-Nwokeoma
By Yusuf Yunus
(NAN)
Edited by Olawunmi Ashafa
By Lucy Ogalue
The Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) has secured the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) ISO 9001:2015 recertification for another three-years.
The certificate is in recognition of the excellent services being rendered by the CAC, the Deputy Director, Budget, Planning, Research, and Statistics, Uzoma Oji, said on Tuesday in Abuja.
Oji who presented the certificate to the Registrar-General of CAC, Hussaini Magaji, said it would expire on July 29, 2026, and urged the commission not to derail in providing efficient services to the public.
He said: ”the milestone achievement follows the re-certification audit of the Commission’s Quality Management System (QMS) by the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) in July.
“The certification is an attestation by the SON that the quality of services rendered by the Commission to her esteemed customers is in conformity with the requirements of the ISO 9001:2015 Standard.”
Receiving the certificate, the CAC’s Registrar-General thanked SON for the recognition and commended staff of the commission for their hard work and delivery of excellent services to customers. (NAN)(www.nannews.ng)
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Edited by Maharazu Ahmed
By Lucy Ogalue
The African Development Bank’s (AfDB) Nigeria Country Director-General, Lamin Barrow, has highlighted some key projects that Nigeria sought to promote at the just concluded African Investment Forum (AIF).
Barrow, in an interview with the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN), said Nigeria had a very strong participation at the 2023 AIF in Marrakesh, Morocco.
He said Nigeria presented not less than six projects on the boardroom for consideration during the meetings.
“These projects range from oil and gas in the pipe line in Nigeria and Morocco. There is the industrial park project in Kaduna and urban development Project in Abuja.
“We have the cancer hospital to be located in different locations in Nigeria and rehabilitation and refurbishment of five major airports including the Abuja Airport.
“This is in terms of equipment, infrastructure, safety and facilities in these airports presented by the FAAN among others; And they enlisted quite some interest in terms of investment.
“So, Nigeria, we are very happy for the strong participation and the level of interest expressed for these projects.” he said.
According to Barrow, the Forum provides a transaction oriented platform where sponsors come, present and pitch their deals and prospective financiers and investors are manifested or confirm their interest.
“And then from there, we take it forward in terms of advancing the documentation and discussion to move towards bankability and also to reach financial close.
“So, depending on where each and every project is, there is usually some follow up work to be done.
“So we expect that the engagement will be strengthened and will move fast to be able to complete the feasibility studies or related documentation that needs to be done.
“Due diligence work, prospective financiers will help reach financial close for most of these projects. And most of them are actually non sovereign or private sector oriented transactions,” he said.
Meanwhile, Dr Akinwunmi Adesina, AfDB’s President, said big ticket deals were considered in food and agriculture and renewable energy and transportation at the AIF.
According to him, other sectors captured at the event are mining, creative industry, ICT, Artificial Intelligence, deep sea seaports, railways, health and special agro industrial processing zones (SAPZs).
Adesina said AfDB was building a formidable power house for investment in Africa through the investment forum which began over five years.
While reiterating some of the projects deliberated upon at the AIF, he said the bank was working at dissuading the ‘japa’ syndrome by youths on the continent.
Earlier, the Director-General of AIF, Miss Chinelo Anohu said the AIF was fully transactional focused at letting Africans know that no one could solve our problems but ourselves.
“We have seen from the words of His majesty King Mohammed VI that Africans must trust Africans to solve their problems ,” she quoted the Moroccan King as saying.
NAN reports that the three-day AIF which began on Nov. 8, ended on Nov. 10 with a renewed hope towards changing the narrative for youths on the continent. (NAN)(www.nannews.ng)
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Edited by Ese E. Eniola Williams
By Rukayat Moisemhe
The Chartered Institute of Directors (CIoD) has stressed the need for good corporate governance to unlock the potential in agriculture, solid minerals and the blue economy to diversify the economic landscape.
The President of CIoD, Alhaji Tijjani Borodo, said this during a news conference on Monday in Lagos to announce the institute’s upcoming 2023 Annual Directors’ Conference (ADC) at Transcorp Hotel, Abuja.
The CIoD president stated that the event scheduled for Nov. 16 to 17 with the theme: “Driving Nigeria’s Economic Transformation and Diversification: The Role of Corporate Governance,” would be a gathering of over 500 directors.
He said the reason for the theme was in the light of what the economy was currently going through and the plan as an institute to drive the transformation to support the transformation agenda of the presidency.
He noted that the institute; a thought leader in the advocacy for the entrenchment of good corporate governance in Nigeria, was commitment to entrenching global best practices in the governance of companies and institutions in Nigeria.
“We have and will continue to actively engage with all the necessary stakeholders, both in the public and private sectors of the economy, through our numerous advocacy platforms.
“A major one, amongst these platforms, the Annual Directors’ Conference (ADC) stands out as a pivotal avenue.
“This flagship event forms the core of the institute’s advocacy engagement series, uniting stakeholders from private, public, and not-for-profit sectors to deliberate on crucial issues concerning leadership, ethics, the economy, and business, among others.
“I am optimistic that the presentations and discussions during this year’s conference will serve as a platform for stakeholders across various sectors of the Nigerian economy to foster a deeper commitment to corporate governance best practices.
“We anticipate a positive ripple effect across all sectors, nurturing a better appreciation of the roles played by corporate governance in driving Nigeria’s economic diversification and transformation,” he said.
The Chairman, National Organising Committee, 2023 ADC, Mrs Fatumata Coker, noted that the role of corporate governance in driving Nigeria’s economic transformation cannot be overemphasised.
According to her, corporate governance plays a pivotal role in steering the economy towards sustainability and efficient practices, facilitating the adaptation of ethical principles and transformation.
Coker said the forthcoming conference would not only strengthen governance across all sectors of the Nigerian economy, but set a new trajectory of governance to drive economic growth in 2024.
She said the hybrid event would be declared open by President Bola Tinubu, while the Chairman of the Opening Session would be Dr Ernest Ndukwe, Chairman, MTN Communications Plc.
“Dr Olusegun Aganga, Chairman, Leadway Pension would deliver the key note address, while other notable include Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment, Dr Doris Uzoka-Anite, Minister of Finance, Mr Wale Edun, and Minister of Education, Professor Tahir Mamman.
“The two-day event will be structured into four plenary sessions, each focusing on sub-themes such as: “How Governance Reforms in the Nigeria Energy Sector Can Help Deliver a New Nigeria”, “Significance of Corporate Governance in Nigeria’s Digital Transformation”.
“Others are Optimising Demand-Driven Talents in Nigeria” and “Agriculture, Solid Minerals, and Blue Economy as Drivers of National Economic Transformation.”
“This year’s conference aims to attract industry leaders critical to the conference’s focus and fostering discussions and engagements.
“It is tailored to appeal to young directors, entrepreneurs, and millennials, offering them mentorship, networking opportunities, and a platform for expanding their knowledge in corporate governance,” she said.
Coker added that the 2023 ADC “Business meet Government dinner” would have Mr Nyesom Wike, Minister of the Federal Capital Territory as the guest of honour and Hon. Tajudeen Abbas, Speaker of the Federal House of Representatives as the special guest of honour. (NAN)(www.nannews.ng)
Edited by Chinyere Joel-Nwokeoma
By Okeoghene Akubuike
The Afreximbank has signed a 150 million dollar trade finance facility agreement with United Bank for Africa (UBA) PLC, under the Ukraine Crisis Adjustment Trade Financing Programme for Africa.
The News Agency of Nigeria(NAN) reports that the agreement was signed on the sidelines of the ongoing Intra-African Trade Fair (IATF) 2023 in Cairo, Egypt on Monday.
According to Afreximbank, the facility, strategically crafted to mitigate the adverse effects of the Russia-Ukraine crisis, aims to support UBA’s clients to increase their financing for businesses across various sectors in the Nigerian economy.
The agreement was signed by Denys Denya, Executive Vice-President, Finance, Administration Banking Services, Afreximbank, and Oliver Alawuba, Managing Director of UBA PLC.
NAN reports that according to Afreximbank , the facility is expected to enhance confidence in the settlement of international trade transactions for strategic imports.
UBA’s Group Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer, Oliver Alawuba, said: “This facility will further boost our quest to deepen intra-Africa trade which has been severely constrained by the impact of the war in Ukraine.
“We have a long-standing beneficial relationship with Afreximbank, we are delighted of our partnership as we jointly envision better dealings for our customers,” he said.
“The funding is driven by an increased demand for trade finance support to UBA’s clients which will enhance confidence in the settlement of international trade transactions for strategic imports such as food, medications, and agro products.
“This is crucial to Afreximbank’s mandate as it supports small and medium-sized enterprises, particularly those in the manufacturing sector to increase production thereby supporting economic growth and development in Nigeria,” Afreximbank said. (NAN)(www.nannews.ng)
Edited by Vivian Ihechu
An African Collaborative Transit Guarantee Scheme designed to promote seamless movement of goods across multiple national customs borders has been unveiled by the African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank).
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that the scheme – The Afreximbank African Collaborative Transit Guarantee Scheme (AACTGS) was inaugurated in Cairo, Egypt, on Sunday.
The scheme was inaugurated by Prof. Benedict Oramah, Afreximbank’s President and Chairman of the Board of Directors, at the ongoing Intra-Africa Trade Fair (IATF) 2023.
Oramah said the scheme was aimed at improving efficiency and shortening the time for border clearance.
He said the milestone was a realisation of the aspirations of Africa’s foreleaders about six decades ago, at the inaugural meeting of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU).
“Today, we stand on the brink of a new era for Africa, an era marked by collaboration, innovation, and progress.
“We gather to launch the AACTGS, which signifies a monumental achievement in our journey towards continental integration and economic prosperity.
“This groundbreaking project is a bold step towards improving the competitiveness of cross-border trade.
“We also announce the historic issuance of the first-ever multi-border transit bond in the continent and the signing of other facilities that will revolutionise the transit of goods in Africa forever.
Oramah said the bank was happy that the innovative collaboration between the Bank and Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa( COMESA) had yielded the desired results of issuing a single transit bond.
According to him, this will make it possible for the movement of goods across the continent without hindrance.
“As you may be aware, Afreximbank in 2021 joined the COMESA Regional Customs Transit Guarantee (RCTG) Scheme as a Regional Surety.
“This allowed the bank to issue single transit bonds that are acceptable across all countries in COMESA and also guarantee bonds issued by other sureties within the region.
“We have, through this breakthrough, inched closer to the emergence of a single continental integrated market and dismantling the 110 borders that divided the continent into atomistic countries,” Oramah said.
He said the one billion dollar Collaborative Guarantee Scheme was expected to accelerate cross-border trade in Africa and save the continent about 300 million dollars annually in transit costs.
Oramah stated that Afreximbank was able to provide capacity to national sureties to enable them to issue bonds at affordable rates and facilitate intra-African trade under the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA).
He said the institution signed a 30 million dollar Container Guarantee Facility with BSMART System Solutions, which was another significant step toward seamless international trade and commerce.
“In a world where the movement of goods across borders is the lifeblood of our economies, efficient handling of containers is paramount.
“This will revolutionise the way we manage containers, ensuring their safe and timely transit while minimising risks and enhancing security measures.”
He said the provision of financial guarantees for containers would encourage investment and make international trade more accessible and inclusive for businesses of all sizes.
Oramah said that under Afreximbank support, BSMART System Solutions would also establish 38 Integrated Customs Designated Stop Areas (ICDSA) across the East African Community (EAC) region.
“These ICDSAs will offer various services, including secure truck parking, customs documentation verification, logistics hubs, container yards, vehicle inspection centres, and affordable housing estates.”
He added that the primary objectives of these ICDSAs were to boost economic growth in the countries, enhance socio-economic conditions, and improve cargo security and transit controls.
Under this mandate, Oramah said Afreximbank would provide financial support of up to 1.3 billion dollars to BSMART and would act as the financial advisor for the project.
Addressing the forum, Wamkele Mene, Secretary-General of the African Continental AfCFTA Secretariat, said the AfCFTA adjustment fund played a critical role in advancing Africa’s economic development. (NAN)(www.nannews.ng)
Edited by Vivian Ihechu
By Rukayat Moisemhe
The Governor of Lagos State, Mr Babajide Sanwo-Olu, says his administration will continue to place a high priority to provision of key infrastructure to make the state safer, more secure, and functional for businesses and lives.
Sanwo-Olu, represented by Mr Bode Agoro, Head of Service, said this during the closing ceremony of the Lagos International Trade Fair (LITF) on Sunday with the theme: “Navigating Economic Challenges: Forging a Path to Prosperity.”
He also pledged to fast track the delivery of Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) to the Lagos Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI) as a means of supporting the chamber’s building project.
Sanwo-Olu said that given the prevailing economic uncertainties, all efforts must be geared towards supporting businesses to grow to create jobs, enhance standard of living and ensure economic prosperity.
The governor noted that the position of the state as the fifth largest economy in Africa was currently propped to as a global megacity and a prime investment destination.
He said as a testament to his administration’s commitment, the state had supported over 12,710 Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to access over N8.4 billion loan through the Lagos State Employment Trust Fund.
“We have also provided the much needed support to explore practicable measures towards improving their production process, giving cognisance to local contents in order to maximise profit.
“In the area of infrastructure, our administration has made and is still making huge investment in road construction, building of integrated intermodal multi modal transportation system, laying of 3,000 kilometers metropolitan Fiber Optic Cable Network across the state to drop reliable and fast internet connectivity in homes and workplaces to aid operations and promote socio-economic development, he said.
“There are other initiatives that will alleviate poverty, reduce youth unemployment, induce human capital development, and improve the social welfare of the people.
“All of these are targeted towards creating a conducive environment for businesses to thrive,” he said.
Sanwo-Olu assured members of the Lagos business community that his administration was committed to improving the business environment towards making it more attractive to investment.
Mrs Folashade Ambrose Medebem, Commissioner, Ministry of Commerce, Cooperatives, Trade and Investment, noted that the event’s theme in the current age of unprecedented challenges, compounded by global economic shocks, was both timely and pertinent.
Medebem said at the crux of businesses was the unrelenting commitment to combine factors of production to create marketable value that can be converted to wealth.
She said to navigate the economic challenges and forge a path to prosperity, the ministry was committed to interfacing with the business community to foster a conductive environment and enhance ease of doing business in the state.
“The current administration remains committed to sustaining engagement with the Organised Private Sector and other stakeholders.
“We are determined to build on the already created relationship, strengthen partnership that has been mutually beneficial, and foster an environment for shared values and deeper collaboration.
“This is because we understand that in our interconnected world, the success of one is invariably linked to the success of all,” she said.
Dr Michael Olawale-Cole, President, LCCI, commended Lagos State outstanding governance over the years.
Olawale-Cole said the event’s theme underlined the importance of relationships and networking among businesses for wealth creation, trade partnership and productivity growth.
He urged government at all levels to continue addressing the enabling environment issues in the country, with particular focus on infrastructure, insecurity and implementation of policies to address the monetary policy performance.
This, he said, was critical to fully harness the huge enterprising resources of domestic and foreign investors for economic diversification.(NAN)(www.nannews.ng)
Edited by Nkiru Ifeajuna/Chinyere Joel-Nwokeoma