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10th National Assembly and the state creation jinx

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By ‘Wale Sadeeq, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

The House of Representatives, on February 6, stirred the hornet’s nest on the contentious issue of state creation with the announcement that it had received proposals for creation of 31 new states.

This development once again brings to the fore the long-standing discussions on the challenges of creating states in Nigeria, a process that has been a subject of legislative deliberations since the country gained independence in 1960.

Presiding over the plenary, Deputy Speaker Benjamin Kalu disclosed that the House Committee on Constitution Review had received proposals for the creation of additional states, which, if approved, would increase Nigeria’s total number of states from 36 to 67.

According to Kalu, who read out the proposals during the plenary, the new states under consideration include six from the North-Central, four from the North-East, five from the North-West, five from the South-South, and seven from the South-West.

More specifically, the proposed states are Okun, Okura, and Confluence (from Kogi), Benue Ala and Apa (from Benue), FCT State, Amana (from Adamawa), Katagum (from Bauchi), Savannah (from Borno), Muri (from Taraba), New Kaduna and Gurara (from Kaduna).

They include Tiga and Ari (from Kano), Kainji (from Kebbi), Etiti and Orashi (from the South-East), Adada (from Enugu), and Orlu and Aba.

Others are Ogoja (from Cross River), Warri (from Delta), Ori and Obolo (from Rivers), Torumbe (from Ondo), Ibadan (from Oyo), Lagoon (from Lagos), Ogun and Ijebu (from Ogun), and Oke Ogun/Ijesha (from Oyo/Ogun/Osun States).

Subsequently, the House Committee on Constitution Review issued a notice, signed by Kalu in his capacity as committee chairman, directing proponents of the new states to re-submit their requests in line with Section 8(1) of the 1999 Constitution (as amended).

“The committee has reviewed the proposals for state creation in accordance with Section 8(1) of the Constitution. This section specifies the requirements that must be met before initiating the process.

“Therefore, proponents must re-submit their requests in strict compliance with these provisions,” Kalu stated.

As expected, the announcement triggered nationwide debates.

Various socio-political groups, ethnic organisations, civil society bodies, human rights organisations, and other stakeholders expressed divergent opinions on the matter, which has remained a recurring issue in Nigeria’s political landscape.

On one hand, some argue that state creation is long overdue and that the current proposals are justified.

On the other, critics vehemently oppose the move, insisting that creating more states will not resolve marginalisation or political exclusivity, which are the main grievances behind these demands.

The Pan-Niger Delta Forum (PANDEF), for instance, acknowledged that state creation could only be meaningful if all geopolitical zones had an equal number of states, as agreed upon in the 2014 constitutional conference.

However, it also raised concerns about the economic viability of such an endeavour.

“It is within the people’s rights to demand new states. However, during the last constitutional conference, it was agreed that each geopolitical zone should have seven states, as is the case in the North-West.

“Therefore, the South-East should get two additional states to make up seven, while the South-West should also receive additional states for balance.

“But the real question is: Will these states be viable? Can they sustain themselves? The vision of our founding fathers was for states to control their resources and remit taxes to the centre,” said PANDEF’s spokesperson, Christopher Ominimini.

Meanwhile, the Centre for Credible Leadership and Citizens Awareness (CCLCA) has warned that state creation is not the solution to Nigeria’s problems.

In fact, Dr Gabriel Nwambu, Director-General of CCLCA, argued that instead of solving issues, additional states would further strain Nigeria’s already fragile economy.

“It is evident that creating more states is not a viable solution to our national challenges. On the contrary, it could exacerbate existing problems.

“Nigeria currently has 36 states plus the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), yet many of these states struggle to meet basic financial obligations, including payment of the minimum wage of ₦70,000. Some are already on the brink of insolvency.

“Creating new states will only increase administrative costs and worsen the financial burden on the federation,” Nwambu argued.

Similarly, Samson Itodo, Executive Director of Yiaga Africa, cautioned against the mass creation of states.

He stated that while it may be reasonable to adjust state numbers for equity, especially in the South-East, adding 31 new states at once would put unsustainable pressure on national resources.

“The demand for additional states is a recurring issue in constitutional debates, often driven by ethnic, political, and regional considerations rather than economic viability.

“Nigeria is already struggling to sustain its 36 states, many of which depend largely on federal allocations rather than internally generated revenue.

“Expanding the number of states without a strategic economic plan could worsen the fiscal crisis,” Itodo warned.

He further stressed that rather than creating new states, a more effective approach would be to strengthen existing states, improve governance, and ensure equitable resource distribution.

Beyond economic concerns, legal experts and political analysts have also pointed out the constitutional hurdles involved in state creation.

A former Chairman of the Nigerian Bar Association (NBA), Ibadan branch, Akeem Agbaje, dismissed the proposal as unrealistic.

He argued that most existing states are not even self-sustaining, making the idea of additional states impractical.

“Instead of pushing for new states, leaders should focus on addressing marginalisation through tailored policies and developmental projects,” Agbaje advised.

Similarly, Public Affairs Analyst Jide Ojo argued that state creation should not be a priority at this time, especially given Nigeria’s rising governance costs.

“At present, many states struggle to pay salaries. If we further divide them, how will the new administrative units be funded? Sustainability should be our focus.

“In fact, there are now calls for merging some states to improve viability and governance efficiency,” he noted.

From a constitutional perspective, analysts believe that creating states under a civilian government may be highly unlikely.

Former Chairman of the defunct ANPP in Imo, Prof. Vitalis Orikeze-Ajumbe, emphasised that the complex constitutional requirements make state creation almost impossible under civilian rule.

“The lawmakers are simply keeping us busy while the economy continues to deteriorate. The process of creating new states is highly rigorous, making it virtually impossible under a civilian government,” Orikeze-Ajumbe argued.

Since independence, state creation in Nigeria has been largely a military-driven process.

The last time states were created was in 1996, when Gen. Sani Abacha’s regime established six new states: Bayelsa, Ebonyi, Ekiti, Gombe, Nasarawa, and Zamfara.

Before that, in 1991, Gen. Ibrahim Babangida created nine states in response to widespread agitations, adding to earlier state formations by previous military governments.

Even though these states were established to promote governance accessibility and ethnic inclusivity, critics argue that they have not addressed marginalisation or political dominance by larger ethnic groups.

Given the cumbersome constitutional process and financial implications, the success of the 10th National Assembly’s move to create new states will depend on its ability to navigate complex political and legal challenges.

Whether or not it can break the long-standing jinx remains to be seen. (NANFeatures)

***If used, please credit the writer and the News Agency of Nigeria.

Features

Sustaining Detty December to transform Nigeria into global tourism powerhouse

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By Taiye Olayemi, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

Detty December, a phrase coined to describe the festive and celebratory atmosphere that characterises the month of December in Nigeria, indicates the high volume of excitement and merriment associated with the last month of the year in Africa’s most populated country.

 

Like in many other matters, Lagos State takes the lead in Detty December.

 

The 2024 edition was remarkable, with millions of dollars generated across tourism, hospitality and entertainment sectors in Lagos State.

 

This significant economic boost has sparked enthusiasm among stakeholders in the tourism industry, who are now seeking strategies to ensure sustainability of Detty December.

 

According to them, sustainability is crucial to maximising the economic benefits of Detty December and increasing its contribution to Nigeria’s gross domestic product.

 

Ikechi Uko, the organiser of AKWAABA African Travel and Tourism Market, emphasises the importance of adequate planning in making Detty December sustainable in Lagos and across Nigeria.

 

Uko says, with adequate planning, Detty December can be made sustainable and more beneficial not only to the tourism industry but also to local communities and the environment.

 

He urges that tourism bureaux, ministries, associations and other stakeholders should be carried along in the planning process.

 

He advises that a calendar of tourism events should be developed to make it sustainable.

 

“To make Detty December more sustainable, there has to be a calendar of tourism events, such that everyone planning to host events can register and inform the state or country.

 

“This enables tourists to plan their itineraries better. The idea is to make maximum income from the season. The more people move around, the more they spend money.

 

“We have to do it at the national level for people to gain full appreciation of what Nigeria has to offer as a nation.

 

“Nigeria can plan it better with tourism ministries, bureaux, associations, boards and other stakeholders with a properly planned calendar of tourism events.

 

“We should learn from what others have done successfully,” he says.

 

Mr Dayo Adedayo, an independent documentary photographer and cultural anthropologist, is of the opinion that sustainability of Detty December hinges on the ability of citizens to recognise opportunities and take full advantage of them.

 

He also believes that while the initiative thrives on citizen-led innovation and entrepreneurship, government should play a huge role by ensuring improved security.

 

He adds that government needs to invest more in infrastructure and ensure seamless immigration and customs processes as well as consider visa-free entry for Africans and people from the Caribbean.

 

“Continued investment in public transport system and event venues will enhance the overall experience during Detty December.

 

“One in every five Black people worldwide is a Nigerian; so, Nigeria should be the cultural home for all Black people.

 

“Granting visa-free entry to Africans and people from the Caribbean would position Nigeria as a prime destination for global Black tourism.

 

“To make Detty December sustainable, event organisers must focus on world-class event planning, ensuring that music, festivals, concerts, and parties are well-curated and safe,” he urges.

 

Adedayo advises that more emphasis should be placed on showcasing Nigerian arts, music, food and fashion to create an immersive experience.

 

“Leveraging social media to tell authentic Nigerian stories will bring even more attention to Detty December,” he argues.

 

Adedayo says showcasing Nigeria’s heritage to the world is delightful.

 

“Detty December is more than just a festive season. It is a movement.

 

“With citizens driving innovation and the government providing essential support, it has the potential to transform Nigeria into a global tourism powerhouse,” he says.

 

Mrs Bolaji Mustapha, National President of the Nigeria Association of Tour Operators (NATOP), says the association is willing to partner with Lagos State Government to determine best ways to make Detty December sustainable.

 

According to Mustapha, the association is ready to showcase its expertise in tour packaging in order to generate more revenue for Lagos State during Detty December.

 

She believes that there is need to introduce more entertaining activities during Detty December, including organising daily city tours and putting up roadshows to market Lagos State and the entire Nigeria ahead of the season.

 

Mustapha is convinced that the 2024 edition of Detty December, which recorded a huge success, can still be improved on.

 

According to her, no fewer than 150 members of NATOP sold tour packages during 2024 Detty December.

 

The NATOP president says the association made about 80 per cent increase in sales in 2024 as against about 60 per cent increase in 2023.

 

“2024 Detty December was a huge success, and I commend Lagos State Government for this, but there is always room for improvement.

 

“As an association of tour operators with expertise in tour packaging both locally and internationally, we are ready to extend our touch of professionalism to make the next edition outstanding.

 

“Our focus is to partner with the state to have a detailed city tour with tourists. The essence of this is to enable tourists to have more beautiful and memorable experiencesv.

 

“To make the season sustainable, the state needs to organise roadshows with tour operators from other countries who will, in turn, sell Nigeria with us,” she suggests.

 

According to her, the tour operators will come and see what Nigeria has to offer in tourism and go back to their countries to market these in order to attract more tourists to Nigeria.

 

“To make it sustainable, we want to partner with the state government to see how more activities can be added.”

 

For Mr Ganiu Balogun, a major thing that will make Detty December sustainable is improved security.

 

Balogun says he obvserved last Detty December that some people were reluctant to go to certain places and at certain times of the day due to security concerns.

 

He is, however, delighted that a significant number of tourists opted for water transport means during the celebration.

 

Analysts urge collective efforts to sustain Detty December as a strategy to transform Nigeria into a global tourism powerhouse. (NANFeature)

 

*** If used, please credit the writer and the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)**

 

Features

Imperative of safeguarding Nigeria’s mineral wealth

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By Martha Agas

Illegal mining, a global cankerworm, is eating deep into Nigeria’s mineral wealth; it costs the nation billions of naira loss yearly.

Nigeria is endowed with natural resources ranging from industrial metals to various precious stones.

It has 44 types minerals spread across its states in commercial quantities, including the seven critical minerals needed for the energy transition.

To highlight Nigeria’s minerals potential, a German company, Geoscan, conducted a preliminary survey revealing that the country has an estimated 750 billion dollars’ worth of solid minerals underground, a quarter of which remains untapped.

Experts say the sector has great potential to contribute significantly to Nigeria`s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), a goal President Bola Tinubu’s administration is pursuing in its economic diversification drive.

They argue that this potential should provide Nigeria with a strategic advantage in driving its development.

However, they regret that successive governments have prioritised the oil sector, leaving the mining industry unregulated and vulnerable to infiltration by artisanal and illegal miners.

They say this neglect enabled illegal mining to flourish, worsening security challenges as banditry and kidnapping surged in mining states.

Consequently, the government imposed bans in Zamfara where such actors flocked due to its vast gold deposits; the five-year ban was later lifted in December, 2024.

The Minister of Solid Minerals Development, Dr Dele Alake, lamented that the directive had created a vacuum, which illegal miners exploited to deprive the nation of its resources.

Industry stakeholders also agree with the minister, asserting that illegal mining had fueled banditry and significantly contributed to the sector’s monopolisation by a few powerful elite in Nigeria who exploited its mineral wealth.

Upon his appointment, the minister declared a state of emergency in the sector, stating that powerful individuals involved in illegal mining were funding banditry and obstructing the sector’s revenue-generating potential.

Although his pronouncement sparked nationwide controversy, stakeholders continue to insist that Nigeria’s mineral wealth remains in the hands of a few powerful individuals who appear untouchable.

Sen. Adams Oshiomhole, representing Edo-North, raised serious concerns recently.

He spoke during the Senate Committee on Solid Minerals 2025 budget defence report presentation to the Committee on Appropriations.

Oshiomhole alleged that some retired military officers were engaged in illegal mining, employing sophisticated machinery and procuring arms to sustain their activities.

The lawmaker urged the Federal Government to combat illegal mining with same might it deploys against illegal oil bunkering.

“My position is that we shouldn’t be lamenting; we should fix the problem; we should tell the executive you must deploy exactly the same force that you deployed against illegal oil bunkering in the Niger-Delta.

“That same force should be deployed to deal with criminals who have money; when I say criminal, it can be a retired general, it can be a retired permanent secretary, it can be a retired trade unionist or a retired labour leader,” he said.

Civil Society Organisations also agree with him; they warned that the situation could undermine Tinubu’s economic diversification policy, aimed at enhancing the solid minerals sector to contribute significantly to the country’s GDP.

The Executive Director of Renevyln Development Initiative (RDI), Philip Jakpor, said that powerful interests were behind illegal mining, depriving Nigeria of revenue from the sector.

Jakpor, however, argued that while stakeholders like Oshiomhole had made the allegations, addressing the issue required strong political will.

He said that the suspects should be named and arrested, noting that if those responsible for the menace remained unidentified and unapprehended, it pointed to a deeper underlying problem.

“It is either collusion at certain quarters in government or total negligence, but I suspect it is collusion.

“Some people in government are benefiting maximally from illegal mining and so choose not to halt the practice. “

Jakpor pointed fingers at expatriates, particularly the Chinese, alleging that they make up the majority of illegal miners in Nigeria.

He noted that their firms, initially registered as agro-commodity outfits, later engaged in the illegal extraction of lithium and other precious minerals.

“Almost every other month, some Chinese nationals are arrested; since they are registered as agro-commodity firms, who is responsible for monitoring their activities?

“Legislative oversight should ensure they are doing what they are supposed to do; the government needs to wake up to that call, “he said.

Agreeing to this position, Dr Abdullahi Jabi, the Chairman, North Central Zone, Campaign for Democracy, Human Rights Advocacy, Civil Society of Nigeria, lamented that expatriates, particularly the Chinese, were engaged by the powerful interest in Nigeria to work for them.

He attributed the state of unemployment of youths as one of the factors as the powerful interests were engaged them in illegal mining and banditry.

“The rich actually sponsor, support, protect and provide security for those involved in illegal mining and they are the ones selling the products for personal benefits.’’

While acknowledging Oshiomhole’s courage in his outcry over the monopolisation of the mining sector, he also accused lawmakers of being complicit in the act.

“They are part and parcel of this; their in-laws, brothers, nephews and others are part of the beneficiaries looting Nigeria’s common wealth for few individuals to be the almighty.

“This is in terms of enrichment, against the vast majority of the people who are impoverished by either poor policy of government or by design of government to put them in perpetual poverty and hunger, such as now, “he said.

Jabi also alleged that some traditional rulers where mining activities were high, also connived with illegal miners, mostly expatriates, who came with their equipment to cart away Nigeria’s mineral wealth.

He described the situation as complex, resulting from factors such as the negligence of constitutional duties by political leaders and public office holders.

According to him, to address the situation, a holistic legal framework must be established to ensure that the solid minerals sector receives the required attention.

He emphasised the need for adequate logistics to enable the government to implement strict measures for the benefit of the people, rather than a few individuals who were exploiting the nation’s resources.

Worthy of note, retired generals have faulted Oshiomhole’s allegations.

Retired Maj.-Gen. Bamidele Olawumi, in a reaction, said Oshiomhole’s remarks were aimed at tarnishing the image of retired generals who had served the nation meritoriously.

He urged Oshiomhole to validate his claims with evidence and present the proof to appropriate authorities.

“If he possesses credible evidence of any retired general involved in illegal mining, he should report such individuals to the Department of State Services or other relevant authorities,’’ he said.

While some stakeholders are optimistic about the political will of Tinubu’s administration to address the menace given the results it has already recorded in its mining reforms, others share Oshiomhole’s view that it can only be tackled using the same approach applied to oil bunkering in the South-South.

Doing otherwise, they say, will sustain the vicious cycle. (NANFeatures)

**If used, please credit the writer and the News Agency of Nigeria.

Features

Rising cases of childhood cancer in Nigeria: Hope on the horizon?  

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By Folasade Akpan, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

Annually, on Feb. 15, the International Childhood Cancer Day (ICCD) is commemorated as a global campaign to create awareness about childhood cancer and support for the patients, survivors and their families.

In Nigeria, survivors recall nauseating experiences, while relevant authorities, stakeholders and health experts are stepping up efforts to curb the menace.

At just eight years old, Adekemi Oyewusi was diagnosed with Burkitt’s lymphoma, a disease she and her family had never even heard of.

The next two years of her life were marked by pain, isolation and an uphill battle against a disease that stole her childhood.

Oyewusi has chilling reminiscences.

“I longed to play with my siblings and peers, but my world was confined to the four walls of a hospital, where pain and solitude became my constant companions.’’

The chemotherapy treatments, administered through her spinal cord, were excruciating.

The nausea, the fatigue and the devastating sight of her hair falling out left her feeling like a shadow of her former self; but against all odds, she survived.

Now, 25 years later, Oyewusi is not just a survivor, she is an advocate, amplifying the voices of children battling cancer and pushing for equitable healthcare policies.

She believes that while Nigerian children with cancer demonstrate incredible resilience, their journey could be made easier with more support.

“It is crucial for the government, healthcare providers, philanthropists, NGOs and society at large to recognise and address the unique needs of survivors.

“Comprehensive insurance plans, increased awareness of late effects, educational support and psychological counselling are all necessary,” she said.

She called for more paediatric oncology centres across the country, greater financial support for affected families and public awareness campaigns to educate communities on early detection.

Shittu Adewumi also had an unsavoury experience.

Adewumi’s story echoes the struggles of many children fighting cancer in Nigeria.

Diagnosed with lymphocytic leukaemia at just six years old, his family believed they were witnessing the end of his young life.

His mother, Titilayo Adewumi, recalls the harrowing experience.

“It was harrowing; he suffered immensely and the cost of treatment was unbearable.”

Now 14 years old and back in school, Adewumi has shown remarkable progress, thanks in part to the support of the Okapi Children Cancer Foundation.

According  to Adewumi’s mother, childhood cancer places enormous financial strain on families.

“The government should support children fighting cancer because this is not something one family can handle alone; it is a huge financial burden.

“When you visit Federal Government hospitals, you see so many children battling cancer; they need urgent help,” she pleads.

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), an estimated 400,000 children and adolescents aged zero to 19 years develop cancer globally each year.

The organisation also said that unlike many adult cancers, most childhood cancers have no known cause and are not linked to lifestyle or environmental factors.

In Nigeria, the exact prevalence of childhood cancer remains unclear due to poor data collection.

However, the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) Cancer Centre houses the country’s first Childhood Population-Based Cancer Registry, which has recorded 237 cases in just over a year.

Prof. Abidemi Omonisi, the President, Nigeria Cancer Society (NCS) and founder of the registry, warns that childhood cancer is indeed on the rise and needs urgent attention.

“For too long, the focus has been on breast, cervical and prostate cancers, while childhood cancer has been neglected,” he said.

Dr Timipah West, a paediatric oncologist at Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, identifies some of the most prevalent childhood cancers in Nigeria to be Lymphomas such as Burkitt’s lymphoma, Neuroblastoma a cancer of the adrenal glands and Nephroblastoma known as kidney cancer.

Others are Retinoblastoma (eye cancer affecting the retina), Rhabdomyosarcoma (cancer of the muscle tissue) and acute leukaemia (blood cancer affecting white blood cells).

West said that while the causes remained largely unknown, potential risk factors of childhood cancer included genetic predispositions, exposure to chemicals, certain infections and environmental changes.

Speaking to reasons why childhood cancer was now on the increase in Nigeria, she said it was due to a lot of factors.

She identified an increase in diagnostic capabilities and availability of more treatment facilities and more awareness among the populace about childhood cancers based on increased advocacy as some of the reasons.

The oncologist also added environmental factors including climate change that lead to genetic changes as also a contributing factor.

“The Nigerian Society of Paediatric Oncology (NISPO) working with NCS and the Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare play huge roles in creating awareness on childhood cancer.

“This advocacy is very important because some people in the general public think that only adults can have cancers.”

She noted that preventive measures could be employed before the cancer develops.

West listed the measures as early detection and commencement of treatment to prevent complications and death.

According to her, genetic studies can be done for those at risk of developing certain cancers, so they are identified at the very early stages.

She added that those with conditions that predisposed them to certain cancers such as down syndrome and leukaemia should be followed up closely and treatment commenced as soon as possible.

“Also, adequate diet, environmental protection against climate change and chemicals and drug exposure are very important.

“The introduction of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccination that can prevent future development of cervical cancer is also very important.

“Treatment options available include chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy and immunotherapy.

“The most commonly available in Nigeria are chemotherapy and surgery.”

West emphasised that childhood cancer was treatable when detected early with available treatment options in Nigeria including chemotherapy, surgery for tumour removal, radiotherapy and immunotherapy which was still emerging.

She also advocated preventive measures such as genetic screening for children with a family history of cancer.

According to the oncologist, reducing environmental exposure to harmful chemicals and pollutants is essential too.

Recognising the urgent need for action, the Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare has begun prioritising childhood cancer treatment.

Dr Uche Nwokwu, the Coordinator, National Cancer Control Programme (NCCP), highlights recent policy shifts aimed at improving outcomes for children.

“One major breakthrough was Nigeria’s acceptance into the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC), a WHO-led effort aimed at increasing childhood cancer survival rates worldwide.

“This inclusion means that Nigeria will now benefit from donations, research partnerships, and support from institutions like St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital in the United States,” Nwokwu explains.

He said that the Federal Government had included childhood cancer treatment in the 2025 Appropriation Bill, signalling a commitment to funding care for affected children.

While childhood cancer in Nigeria remains a growing crisis, the increasing attention from government agencies, NGOs and international bodies offers a glimmer of hope.

Health analysts say with early diagnosis, improved healthcare policies and increased funding, survival rates can improve dramatically. (NANFEATURES)

***If used, please credit the writer and the News Agency of Nigeria.

Features

Dar es Salaam Declaration: Africa’s milestone on universal energy access

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By Olawunmi Ashafa -News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

‘’No industry can grow, industrialise or be competitive in the dark’’, Dr Akinwumi Adesina, President and Chairman of the Board of Directors, African Development Bank (AfDB) Group, once declared at the Noor solar power point in Quarzazate, Southern Morocco.

This, therefore, explains the essence of the recent African Energy Summit: ‘Mission 300’, in Dar es Salaam,Tanzania, from Jan. 27 to Jan. 28, a collaboration between the African Development Bank and the World Bank Group, alongside other development partners to expand Africa’s energy access

The initiative is a bold step toward providing electricity to 300 million Africans by 2030, positioning energy access as the cornerstone of economic growth, job creation, and poverty alleviation.

Bringing together influential stakeholders such as global leaders, development banks, and private sector representatives came together to chart Africa’s energy future.

A central theme of the summit was the urgent need to transition toward renewable energy as Africa is endowed with vast renewable energy resources, solar, wind, and hydropower, which remain largely untapped.

At the end of the summit, some key contributions and recommendations were incorporated into the “Dar es Salaam Declaration”, a landmark achievement, shaping Africa’s energy future.

The declaration emphasises the necessity of scaling up investments in clean energy projects, particularly in rural and off-grid areas, to bridge the continent’s energy access gap.

Stakeholders at the summit stressed the importance of innovative financing mechanisms to fund Africa’s energy transition.

They recommended strengthening public-private partnerships (PPPs) to attract private sector investment, expanding the use of green bonds to finance renewable energy projects and increasing concessional financing from global institutions like the World Bank and the African Development Bank.

The summit underscored the need for harmonised policies to facilitate cross-border energy trade. Successful examples, such as Ethiopia’s renewable energy exports to neighbouring countries, were highlighted as models for enhancing energy security.

The declaration calls for the expansion of regional power pools to ensure efficient energy distribution and affordability as well as acknowledging the transformative role of digitalisation in the energy sector.

The President of Nigeria, Bola Tinubu, represented by the Minister of Power, Mr Adebayo Adelabu, urged African leaders to prioritise energy access, stressing the importance of collaborative efforts.

He stated, “Let us work together to create a brighter future for our citizens, where every African can access reliable and affordable energy.

“A future where our industries thrive, our economies grow, and our people prosper.”

The President reaffirmed Nigeria’s dedication to providing reliable, affordable, and sustainable electricity to its unelectrified population by 2030, saying, “This is an ambitious goal, but we can achieve it together.

“As Nigeria’s President, I am committed to making energy access a top priority.”

His counterpart, Tanzania’s president, Samia Suluhu Hassan, said, “As leaders, we will be able to deliver on our promise to our citizens to provide power and clean cooking solutions that will transform lives and economies.

“Mission 300 is expected to boost the provision of clean cooking energy to homes, cutting reliance on wood and charcoal which are harmful.

The Minister of Finance and Co-ordinating Minister of the Economy, Mr Wale Edun, during the signing of a partnership agreement between the IFC and Distributing Renewable Energy (DRE) companies, emphasised the significance of the initiative in addressing energy poverty on the continent.

He said, “This is one of the first tangible actions we can point to at this summit, which will culminate in the Dar es Salaam Declaration.

“Today’s agreement will bring electricity access to 400,000 people, and we all know how transformative that is.

“I encourage us to keep up this momentum of doing rather than merely saying.”

Meanwhile, Adesina, emphasised the need for decisive action to accelerate electrification across the continent.

“Critical reforms will be needed to expand the share of renewables, improve utility performance utilities, ensure transparency in licensing and power purchase agreements, and establish predictable tariff regimes that reflect production costs.

“Our collective effort to support you, heads of state and government, in developing and implementing clear, country-led national energy compacts to deliver on your visions for electricity in your respective countries,” he said.

Kevin Kariuki, Vice President for Power, Energy, Climate, and Green Growth, AfDB, said, “energy is the engine of development, without affordable, reliable, and sustainable electricity, Africa cannot achieve its developmental aspirations or secure its rightful place in the global economy.

“Energy access is the cornerstone of economic transformation, opening doors to education, healthcare, and income generation.

“Moreover, it fosters gender equality by reducing the time women spend on labour and time-intensive tasks such as cooking with traditional fuels or collecting for firewood.

“Mission 300’s success is therefore not just about electrification; it is about saving and empowering lives as well as communities. It is also about reducing greenhouse gas emissions and safeguarding biodiversity,” he added.

Mr Ajay Banga, President of the World Bank, stressed the importance of collaboration to achieve the summit’s ambitious goals.

He said, “Access to electricity is a fundamental human right. Without it, countries and people cannot thrive.

“Our mission to provide electricity to half of the 600 million people in Africa without access is a critical first step. To succeed, we must embrace a simple truth: no one can do it alone.

“Governments, businesses, philanthropies, and development banks each have a role, and only through collaboration can we achieve our goal.”

During the summit, partners announced a series of commitments: AfDB and the World Bank Group plan to allocate 48 billion dollars in financing for Mission 300 through 2030, which may evolve to fit implementation needs.

Also, Agence Francaise de Development (AFD): one billion pounds to support energy access in Africa while Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) promised one billion dollard to 1.5 billion dollars to support Mission 300, Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) Group: 2.65 billion dollars in support of Mission 300 and energy access in Africa from 2025-2030.

OPEC Fund made an initial commitment of one billion dollars in support of Mission 300 with additional financing to follow.

Similarly, World Bank and AfDB launched Zafiri, an investment company that supports private sector-led solutions, such as renewable mini-grids and solar home systems.

Zafiri anchor partners will invest up to 300 million dollars in the first phase and mobilise up to one billion to address the persistent equity gap in Africa in these markets.

Also, experts at the summit, advocated the adoption of smart grids and decentralised energy systems to improve efficiency, reduce energy losses, and integrate renewable energy sources more effectively.

An energy expert, Ms Chantel Abdul, Chief Executive Officer of Virtuition Solaris, highlighted her organisation’s efforts to drive energy access in underserved communities.

She lauded the collaborative efforts of development partners in supporting the Distributed Energy Solutions (DES) programme, which aims to provide off-grid electricity to those who need it most.

“This is evidence of our development partners’ commitment to the M-300 agenda, as outlined by the Minister of Finance. Connecting 300 million Africans, including Nigerians, to electricity is a passion that Solaris shares deeply,” she said.

Governance challenges, including regulatory inefficiencies and corruption, were identified as major barriers to energy progress.

The declaration calls for greater transparency and accountability in energy investments, stronger regulatory frameworks to attract investors, community engagement to ensure energy policies align with local needs.(NAN)

AWA/FAA

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Edited by Folasade Adeniran

Features

Trends in oil company and Delta host community relations

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By Kayode Adebiyi, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

Chief Obaogu Daniel, a community leader in Ogbeani, Ndokwa West Local Government Area, Delta State, recently recounted how Liquefied Petroleum Gas Kwale, acquired land from the community in 2017.

Daniel said one of the conditions for the acquisition was for the company to provide the community with its accrued benefits as a host community in the oil and gas industry.

“At the end of the day, what happened was quite different from what we anticipated,” he said.

Also, he explained that treating workers from the community with dignity was a key condition for the acquisition.

However, he lamented, that the company had failed to uphold this condition.

“We found out that even unskilled labourers were brought in from India, thereby reducing job opportunities for community youths,” he alleged.

In addition, he claimed that ”the military, which provides security for the company as a national critical infrastructure, has emboldened the company to act with impunity.

“Nevertheless, we are a peaceful host community which is not hostile to oil and gas companies.”

A recent report stated that the host community alleged that the management of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Kwale, Delta State, was maltreating workers from the community.

The Kwale Hydrocarbon Nigeria Limited (KHNL) is an independent downstream gas distribution company.

As a result of these concerns, the Ogbeani people and the larger Ndokwa community called on Delta Gov. Sheriff Oborevwori to intervene over the alleged mistreatment.

According to the report, the community found it necessary to voice its anger and frustration over the mistreatment of Ogbeani community workers, particularly since the company operates on their land.

Historically, tensions between oil companies and their host communities in Nigeria have been longstanding.

The Niger Delta, which hosts the majority of the country’s oil and gas reserves, has been a hotspot for conflicts between multinational oil corporations and local communities.

These conflicts often stem from issues such as environmental degradation, lack of job opportunities for indigenes, poor Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives, and inadequate compensation for land use.

For instance, a 2022 report by the Stakeholder Democracy Network (SDN) revealed that over 60 per cent of host communities in the Niger Delta lack access to basic social amenities, in spite of the vast wealth generated from oil extraction in the region.

Many communities complain about the destruction of their farmlands and water sources due to oil spills and gas flaring, leading to severe economic and health consequences.

Similarly, a 2023 study by the Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations revealed that gas flaring in the Niger Delta remains one of the worst in the world, contributing to environmental pollution and health hazards such as respiratory diseases and cancer.

In spite of regulations against gas flaring, companies continue the practice with minimal consequences.

This latest allegation against LPG adds to several similar accusations by host communities in areas where oil and gas companies operate.

For example, in 2024, Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) denied allegations that its Train 7 Project Engineering, Procurement, and Construction Contractors neglected its host community, Bonny Island.

This followed a publication accusing the company of excluding the people of Bonny from the benefits of its CSR programmes.

However, NLNG dismissed the report as false and baseless, stating that it had already earmarked two major CSR projects for the island.

Specifically, the company cited the Shell Gate-Coal Beach Road and the Bonny Vehicular Terminal, both of which had been agreed upon by all relevant stakeholders.

Prior to this, in 2021, Finima, a host community in Bonny Local Government Area of Rivers State, threatened to sever ties with NLNG until further notice.

According to the community, NLNG had refused to grant it the rights of a landlord, as provided for in the Nigerian Local Content Law and as applicable to other host communities of key facilities in the country.

In a broader context, Stephen Woollett, in his book ‘Environmental Grants’, noted that oil and gas operations in rural communities often generate prolonged conflicts between such communities and oil companies.

He further stated that such conflicts arise from several actions, including disregard for environmental quality concerns, gross human rights violations, and poor CSR policies.

“The low quality of life of the host communities of oil companies is indicative of the relationship between them and those communities,” he said.

Similarly, in the case of Ogbeani community workers at LPG in Kwale, their demand is for the company to issue them formal employment letters clearly defining their terms and conditions of service.

Additionally, they stated that these terms and conditions should include improved welfare provisions similar to those enjoyed by other workers.

As part of their efforts, representatives of the community workers, through I. O. Omoyibo & Co., Barristers, Solicitors, and Legal Consultants, recently sent a letter of appeal to the state governor.

Dated October 30, 2024 and titled “Save Our Soul”, the letter lamented that the company arbitrarily hires and dismisses community workers without ‘knowing their fate or what lies ahead since no employment letter was issued to them’.

Moreover, they alleged that the company had failed to implement the new minimum wage, which could have improved their lives.

They stated that all attempts to resolve the dispute amicably had proved abortive.

Given these grievances, the community urged the governor to use his good offices to persuade the company’s management to listen to the workers and implement their requests.

They further stressed that their demands were reasonable and aligned with the country’s labour requirements.

When contacted on the matter, Chief Lucky Ojumah, Community Liaison Officer (CLO) at LPG, declined to comment extensively.

“I am ready to give all the information, but I must get a directive,” he was quoted as saying.

Likewise, the company’s General Manager, Mr Murugesh Kamal Seepco, declined to respond to the allegations when our reporter reached out to him.

In conclusion, ongoing tensions between oil companies and Niger Delta communities reveal the need for corporate accountability, transparent engagement, and compliance with labour and environmental regulations.

Stakeholders urge the government, companies, and community leaders to prioritise fair labour practices, adequate compensation, and sustainable development to prevent further conflicts that disrupt both businesses and local livelihoods. (NANFeatures)

Features

Defending the Nation, Building the Future: Nigeria’s Local Defence Production Revolution

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By Sumaila Ogbaje, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

Nigeria’s defence sector is undergoing a significant transformation. The country is shifting its focus from reliance on foreign defence equipment to developing its local defence production capabilities.

This revolution is not only strengthening Nigeria’s national security but also contributing to the country’s economic growth and development.

For decades, Nigeria’s defence sector has been heavily reliant on foreign equipment and expertise. This has resulted in a significant drain on the country’s foreign exchange reserves and limited the development of local defence industries.

The lack of self-sufficiency in defence production has also compromised Nigeria’s national security, as the country has been vulnerable to arms embargoes and supply chain disruptions.

In recent years, Nigeria has made significant strides in developing its local defence production capabilities. The Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria (DICON) has been at the forefront of this effort, producing a range of defence equipment, including small arms, ammunition, and military vehicles.

The Nigerian Army has also established several local production facilities, including the Nigerian Army Vehicle Manufacturing Company (NAVMC), which produces military vehicles, and the Nigerian Army Armaments Corporation (NAAC), which produces small arms and ammunition.

The development of Nigeria’s local defence production capabilities is having a significant impact on the country’s national security and economic growth. By reducing reliance on foreign defence equipment, Nigeria is improving its self-sufficiency in defence production and reducing its vulnerability to arms embargoes and supply chain disruptions.

The local defence production revolution is also contributing to Nigeria’s economic growth and development. The Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria (DICON) and other local defence production facilities are creating jobs, generating revenue, and stimulating economic activity in local communities.

The local defence industries and Military Industrial Complex (MICs) in Nigeria are making significant efforts to enhance the country’s defence capabilities.

The DICON established in 1964, is Nigeria’s primary defence manufacturer, producing arms, ammunition, and other military equipment. They have partnered with foreign companies, like NEANY of the US, to explore new innovations and technologies in fighting insecurity.

In line with the avowed commitment of President Bola Tinubu to strengthen the nation’s defence industries, he recently signed into law the News DICON Act 2023. The new DICON Act has several key provisions that aim to strengthen Nigeria’s defence industry.

Some of the highlights of the new act is the establishment of Subsidiaries and Ordnance Factories. The Act empowers DICON to operate, maintain, and control subsidiaries and ordnance factories to manufacture, store, and dispose of ordnance and ancillary stores and material.

The Act establishes the Defence Industry Technology, Research, and Development Institute (DITRDI) to promote research and development in Nigeria’s defence industry.

The Act provides a comprehensive regulatory framework for the manufacturing, distribution, storage, and disposal of defence articles in Nigeria. It also incentivizes the development of a financing architecture that enables private capital to facilitate research, development, and production in the defence sector.

The Act provides for the membership, proceedings, and contractual powers of the Corporation, ensuring good corporate governance.

Overall, the new DICON Act aims to promote Nigeria’s defence industry, enhance national security, and support economic growth and development.

Local manufacturing firms like EPAIL Ltd, Proforce Nigeria Limited, and others are investing heavily in local manufacturing defence gadgets and equipment, such as bulletproof vests, ballistic helmets, and light Armoured Assault Vehicles.

The Nigerian government is promoting partnerships between local defence industries and foreign companies to enhance technology transfer and capacity building.

These efforts demonstrate Nigeria’s commitment to developing its local defence industries and MICs, aiming to reduce reliance on foreign imports and enhance national security.

Equipment and Protective Applications International Ltd (EPAIL) and Proforce Nigeria Limited are two prominent defence manufacturing companies in Nigeria.

EPAIL is a Nigerian company that specialises in the production of military and paramilitary equipment, including Ballistic helmets, Bulletproof vests, Anti-riot gear, Tactical gear, Automatic Weapons System, Armoured Personnel Carrier (APC), Mines Resistant Anti-Ambush Protected (MRAP) Vehicles and Drones among others

The firm aims to provide high-quality, locally manufactured equipment to meet the needs of Nigeria’s security agencies.

Proforce Nigeria Limited on the other hand, is a Nigerian defence company that designs, manufactures, and supplies a range of military vehicles, equipment, and accessories, including: Armoured personnel carriers, Mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicles, Armoured SUVs, and Tactical vehicles

Proforce has partnered with international companies to provide cutting-edge technology and solutions to the Nigerian military and other security agencies.

Both EPAIL and Proforce are contributing significantly to Nigeria’s efforts to develop its local defence industries and reduce reliance on foreign imports.

DICON in Kaduna has made significant progress in recent times.

DICON is expected to receive new machines to improve its production capacity. This development is expected to enhance the corporation’s ability to manufacture defence equipment and gadgets locally.

The Minister of Defence, Muhammed Badaru, recently visited DICON’s facilities in Kaduna, where he expressed satisfaction with the level of work done. He also commended companies like Proforce and EPAIL for investing in local manufacturing of defence gadgets and equipment.

DICON has also launched ‘Operation We Must Produce’, an initiative aimed at boosting production in the ordnance factory. The operation focuses on repairing machines, providing support to staff, and these developments indicate that DICON is making strides in enhancing its production capacity and contributing to Nigeria’s defence and security needs.

Speaking on the local defence capabilities, a former Director of Defence Information, retired Maj.-Gen. Christopher Olukolade, said that DICON had demonstrated capacity to provide local solutions to the nation’s defence needs.

He said that defence industry as a highly regulated industry pays highest premium to standard, adding that more investment in research and development was required to boost technical capacity of the local firms to meet the set standards.

Nigeria’s local defence production revolution is a significant development that is strengthening the country’s national security and contributing to its economic growth and development.

As Nigeria continues to build its defence industries, it is likely to emerge as a major player in the global defence sector.

The Nigerian government has also enacted the Act to promote local defence production, which was endorsed by President Bola Tinubu in November 2023. This legislation aims to strengthen Nigeria’s military industrial complex by promoting local production.

These developments indicate a significant shift towards local defence production in Nigeria, with the government taking concrete steps to reduce dependence on foreign arms imports and promote indigenous production.

While there are opportunities for economic growth, there are also challenges to be addressed. These include the need for significant investment in research and development, infrastructure, and human capacity building.

Additionally, the government needs to create an enabling environment for local defence production to thrive while the various services of the armed forces should work with the local players to develop capacity, build trust and confidence and ensure patronage to provide local solutions to our local challenges.(NANFeatures)

**If used, please credit the writer and the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

Features

Leveraging local hardware in reducing military casualties

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By Ismail Abdulaziz, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

 

A retired military combatant, Sadiq (not his real name), recounted his harrowing experience during a critical operation in the North East, an experience that left him and his colleagues with lasting scars.

 

He described it as a covert operation that was meant to be highly classified.

 

“All of a sudden, near our location, gunshots filled the air. Many of my colleagues were down with bullet wounds, terrified beyond words.

 

“Yes, we are trained to expect the unexpected, but this was supposed to be a covert operation.

 

“Little did we expect an ambush from terrorists at that moment. It was as if they had prior knowledge of our mission. It was deeply demoralising,” he said.

 

An ambush is a surprise attack launched from a concealed position on a moving or temporarily halted target.

 

It may involve an assault to neutralise the target or an attack by fire. Importantly, an ambush does not necessarily aim to seize or hold ground; rather, its purpose is to destroy or harass enemy forces.

 

Over the years, Nigerian armed forces have encountered numerous ambushes while defending the nation’s territorial integrity and maintaining peace.

 

For instance, in 2019, attacks by the terrorist group Boko Haram resulted in 148 fatalities among military personnel (Statista).

 

More recently, in January 2025, suspected Islamist insurgents killed at least 20 Nigerian soldiers, including a commanding officer, in an attack on an army base in Borno State (Reuters).

 

These incidents highlight the persistent threat faced by Nigerian troops in their ongoing efforts to combat insurgency.

 

Tragically, many have paid the ultimate price, leaving their families and loved ones devastated.

 

Hence, the need for preventive measures is timely.

 

In his article ‘Military Tactics 101: The Anatomy of the Modern Ambush Attack’, Matt Crisara emphasises the importance of avoiding ambushes altogether.

 

He explains that situational awareness is key, including strategies such as avoiding main roads, not taking the same route twice, travelling in larger groups, and using reconnaissance to select the safest path.

 

The enduring presence of ambush attacks, he argues, proves that the element of surprise remains one of the most effective strategies on the battlefield.

 

Given the persistent threat of ambushes, an important question arises: Is it possible to prevent or at least reduce the frequency and impact of these attacks on Nigerian troops?

 

Recent incidents suggest an urgent need for improved military strategies and equipment.

 

Analysts say an effective solution lies in the adoption of modern warfare technology.

 

According to them, a well-equipped force, trained in the use of advanced military hardware, is crucial to addressing this challenge.

 

Recognising this need, the Federal Government approved a review of the Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria (DICON) Act in 2023.

 

This revised Act reflects the importance of regulating local and international military businesses to reduce procurement costs while also creating job opportunities for Nigerians.

 

The updated Act introduces several key provisions, including an expanded mandate for DICON to operate, maintain, and control ordnance factories for manufacturing, storage, and disposal of military materials.

 

Also, the Act enlarges the Governing Board to include key stakeholders, strengthens policy formulation, and authorises partnerships with both local and international companies to meet Nigeria’s military hardware demands.

 

Notably, it grants DICON the authority to produce and supply arms and ammunition in Nigeria while also regulating the manufacture and sale of explosives.

 

Other provisions include the establishment of a Defence Procurement Committee to enhance transparency and accountability.

 

Additionally, they focus on securing sustainable funding sources and collaborating with the Defence Industries Association of Nigeria (DIAN) to regulate and license defence manufacturers.

 

In line with President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s commitment to empowering local industries for economic growth, engaging private sector players in military hardware production could serve as a viable alternative to imported equipment.

 

This approach would not only conserve scarce foreign exchange, but also enhance both Nigeria’s economic and military capabilities.

 

Locally produced military equipment offers several advantages, as it is cost-effective, improves accessibility, enhances national security, drives technological advancement, creates jobs, and ensures greater control over military capabilities.

 

Furthermore, it allows for customisation to meet specific operational needs while reducing reliance on foreign imports and mitigating supply chain disruptions.

 

It may be recalled that Nigerian military recently announced plans to harness the skills of law-abiding citizens involved in local firearms and military-grade equipment production.

 

This initiative was highlighted during an operational visit to frontline troops under Operation Safe Haven in Plateau State, where the Chief of Defence Staff, Gen. Christopher Musa, inspected a cache of locally manufactured arms and ammunition recovered within the operational area.

 

Similarly, the significance of science and technology in modern warfare has long been recognised as stated in the National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement (1995) by the United States.

 

“Our defence science and technology investment enables us to counter military threats and overcome any advantages that adversaries may seek.

 

“It also expands the military options available to policymakers, including non-warfare strategies to promote stability and prevent conflict.

 

“Science and technology help counter special threats such as terrorism, which cannot be addressed by conventional warfighting forces. They also underpin intelligence capabilities needed to assess the dangers our nation faces.

 

“The U.S. military also relies on science and technology to make advanced military systems more cost-effective throughout their lifecycle.

 

“By maintaining a close dialogue with warfighters, the defence science and technology community remains attuned to user needs while educating them on technological possibilities for responding to evolving threats, “the report says.

 

Several local firms have already made huge investments in military hardware production, manufacturing items such as bulletproof gear, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), assault rifles, and ammunition.

 

These locally produced items meet international standards and are tailored to Nigeria’s unique operational environment.

 

Among the most prominent defence manufacturers in Nigeria are EPAIL Ltd and Proforce Nigeria Limited.

 

EPAIL Ltd specialises in military and paramilitary equipment, including ballistic helmets, bulletproof vests, anti-riot gear, tactical gear, automatic weapons systems, armoured personnel carriers (APCs), mine-resistant ambush-protected (MRAP) vehicles, and drones.

 

The company aims to supply high-quality, locally manufactured equipment to meet Nigeria’s security needs.

 

Proforce Nigeria Limited, on the other hand, designs and manufactures military vehicles and accessories such as armoured personnel carriers, MRAP vehicles, armoured SUVs, and tactical vehicles.

 

Both companies play an important role in Nigeria’s efforts to develop a self-sufficient defence industry and reduce dependency on foreign imports.

 

DICON, based in Kaduna, has also made notable progress in recent years, positioning itself as a key player in local military hardware production.

 

With the newly revised DICON Act, the Nigerian military now has a greater opportunity to mitigate, or even eliminate, the threat of ambushes by equipping troops with modern technology.

 

Advanced surveillance equipment and intelligence-gathering tools can help detect and neutralise threats before they materialise.

 

For Sadiq and his fellow soldiers, this development brings renewed hope.

 

The threat of ambushes or losing their lives in service to their country may soon be greatly reduced, thanks to locally produced military hardware tailored to Nigeria’s unique operational environment. (NANFeatures)

 

***If used, please credit the writer and the News Agency of Nigeria.

Features

Harnessing Nigeria’s Blue Economy for growth, sustainability

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A News Analysis by Diana Omueza, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

Nigeria’s vast coastline and abundant marine resources remain largely untapped, in spite of their enormous potential in the blue economy.

Analysts argue that, if properly harnessed, the sector could drive substantial economic growth and sustainability.

They believe Nigeria stands to benefit greatly from the blue economy, unlocking new opportunities for prosperity.

According to the World Bank, the blue economy ranks as the seventh largest in the world, valued at 1.5 trillion dollars annually, with projections to double to 3 trillion dollars by 2030.

Recognising this potential, President Bola Tinubu established the Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy in August 2023.

Led by Mr Adegboyega Oyetola, the ministry is tasked with ensuring that Nigeria’s marine resources are responsibly managed to improve citizens’ livelihoods while preserving the country’s coastal ecosystems.

Oyetola, the first Minister of Marine and Blue Economy, has emphasised that fully harnessing the sector could lift many Nigerians out of poverty and create widespread prosperity.

However, he stressed that achieving this requires innovation, collaboration, and adequate funding to develop a thriving industry that benefits present and future generations.

To support this goal, he recently presented a capital budget proposal of 11.77 billion naira and an overhead budget of 453.86 million naira for the ministry’s 2025 budget to a joint committee of the National Assembly.

During the budget defence, he noted the need for greater financial allocation, as substantial capital investment is essential for the ministry to fulfil its mandate.

“The proposed total of 11.77 billion naira and an overhead of 453.86 million naira though inadequate, is presented for your kind consideration,” he told the committee.

Oyetola outlined several pressing issues within the sector, including deteriorating infrastructure, silted river courses, inadequate fish production, and a shortage of river transport vessels, all requiring urgent intervention.

To address these challenges, he proposed key initiatives such as replacing outdated wooden boats with standardised crafts, distributing life jackets to riverine communities, and conducting capital dredging in major rivers.

He stressed that all projects are aligned with government capital budgets to ensure timely execution and enhance food security.

However, he warned that insufficient funding would hinder the ministry and its agencies from sustaining the progress made over the past year.

Chairman of the Senate Committee on Marine Transport, Mr Wasiu Eshinlokun, acknowledged that the proposed budget seemed inadequate for capital-intensive projects such as dredging.

He assured that the proposal would be reviewed by the appropriation committee to ensure appropriate funding.

Meanwhile, he advised the minister to incorporate long-term, high-cost projects into the 2026 budget for better financial planning.

Speaking at a stakeholders’ workshop in Lagos, Oyetola also called for the development of a National Policy on Marine and Blue Economy to establish a sustainable framework for growth.

He noted that beyond funding, Nigeria requires a comprehensive national policy to maximise its extensive marine resources.

He explained that such a policy would strengthen the sector, create jobs, promote sustainability, and drive economic growth through industries like fisheries, aquaculture, maritime transport, and tourism.

“We aim to deliver a national policy document that clearly outlines the roadmap for developing our blue economy.

“We want to create jobs, attract private sector investment, and deliver inclusive prosperity to all Nigerians, particularly our youth and women.

“The National Policy we seek must be comprehensive enough to address all challenges and unlock the sector’s full potential.

“A robust policy will enable us to tackle these issues through a framework aligned with international best practices while safeguarding our marine resources for future generations,” he added.

Oyetola emphasised that with proper funding and a well-structured policy, the blue economy presents a transformative path for countries seeking to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability.

He maintained that Nigeria is no exception.

The minister also highlighted significant progress in maritime governance, including Nigeria’s three-year record of zero piracy incidents, the ratification of key international protocols, and advancements in port modernisation.

These achievements, he noted, provide a strong foundation for the sector’s continued growth and the successful implementation of the proposed policy.

Additionally, he reiterated Nigeria’s commitment to combating illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, which poses a major threat to the country’s fisheries and aquatic ecosystems.

He also reaffirmed Nigeria’s bid for Category C membership in the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) to enhance its influence in global maritime governance.

Oyetola expressed optimism that a national policy would significantly impact job creation, youth empowerment, and poverty alleviation, particularly in coastal communities.

He stressed that the blue economy has immense potential to create wealth for Nigeria’s growing youth population, drive innovation, and foster sustainable development, provided the right measures are implemented.

Supporting this vision, Mr Olufemi Oloruntola, Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy, commended the minister’s commitment to shaping a maritime policy that allows diverse stakeholders to contribute to its development.

He emphasised that their participation is crucial in advancing the marine and blue economy for national growth.

Experts and industry leaders have also praised President Bola Tinubu’s Renewed Hope Agenda, particularly the creation of the ministry to unlock Nigeria’s marine potential for economic expansion.

Mr Akutah Pius, Executive Secretary and Chief Executive Officer of the Nigerian Shippers’ Council (NSC), described the Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy as pivotal to achieving Nigeria’s National Gross Domestic Product (GDP) targets.

During a visit to Tin-Can Island Container Terminal (TICT) and Port and Cargo Handling Services (PCHS) in Lagos, Pius expressed confidence that the sector could contribute to the federal government’s objective of increasing GDP to 1 trillion dollars by 2026.

He also believes it could help achieve the goal of reaching 3 trillion dollars by 2030.

However, he cautioned that achieving this goal requires comprehensive reforms to enhance port efficiency.

Meanwhile, Vice-Admiral Emmanuel Ogalla, Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS), underscored the importance of Nigeria’s underwater resources at the 14th Trans-Regional Seapower Symposium in Venice, Italy.

He noted that over 85 per cent of Nigeria’s trade volume relies on these resources, which include diverse aquatic species and significant non-living assets such as 36 billion barrels of crude oil and 182 trillion cubic feet of gas reserves.

Speaking on “Preserving the Underwater – the Secure and Sustainable Use of the Underwater”, Ogalla referenced the African Integrated Maritime Strategy (AIMS), which recognises these resources as critical to Africa’s blue economy.

He added that Nigeria’s maritime interests span internal waters, the territorial sea, the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), and the Gulf of Guinea.

“The Nigerian Navy’s participation in the symposium showcased its success in eliminating piracy from Nigerian waters since 2022, leading to Nigeria’s removal from the International Maritime Bureau’s list of Piracy-Prone States,” he said.

Ogalla stressed the importance of sustainably managing marine resources, as they are key drivers of economic growth and food security.

He reaffirmed Nigeria’s role in maritime security, particularly in the Gulf of Guinea, and detailed how the Nigerian Navy’s Total Spectrum Maritime Strategy—which integrates surveillance, rapid response, and law enforcement—has helped maintain the country’s piracy-free status since March 2022.

To further advance Nigeria’s marine sector, experts, including African shipowners, have urged the swift implementation of a national maritime policy to guide sustainable development.

Ms. Funmi Folorunsho, Secretary-General of the African Shipowners Association, asserted that a well-structured policy would provide a clear roadmap for growth and position Nigeria as a leading player in the global marine economy.

Similarly, Mr Abdussamad Dasuki, Chairman, House Committee on Shipping Services, reaffirmed the 10th National Assembly’s commitment to working closely with the Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy.

As Nigeria strives to harness its blue economy, stakeholders emphasise that government support, private sector collaboration, and adequate funding are essential.

These factors will be key to unlocking the sector’s full potential while preserving coastal ecosystems. (NANFeatures)

Features

2025 Budget and the task ahead for Nigeria Customs

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A News Analysis by Martha Agas, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

In 2024, the Nigeria Customs Service (NCS) was assigned the responsibility of generating N5.1 trillion to contribute to the projected revenue target of N18.2 trillion.

On Nov. 15, the Comptroller-General (C-G) of Customs, Adewale Adeniyi, proudly announced that the service had already achieved this target, with over a month still remaining in the fiscal year.

Adeniyi further stated that, based on the current performance, the NCS was on course to exceed its target by 10 per cent by the end of 2024, potentially reaching a revenue of N6 trillion.

On Jan. 14, he confirmed that the NCS had surpassed its target, collecting N6.1 trillion, a surplus of N1.03 trillion, and a remarkable 90.4 per cent increase from the previous year’s collection of N3.2 trillion.

It is well recognised that the NCS is one of the principal contributors to Nigeria’s Internally Generated Revenue (IGR), a role that is pivotal to the successful implementation of the nation’s budget.

Analysts argue that, in addition to its contribution to funding the budget, the NCS plays a crucial part in reducing Nigeria’s debt burden, a necessary step for spurring development and addressing the country’s numerous challenges.

Given the NCS’s major role in revenue generation, it is imperative that the service continually evolves to meet its core responsibilities, which include revenue generation, trade facilitation, and anti-smuggling operations.

Consequently, the NCS embarked on modernisation initiatives in 2024 aimed at improving its efficiency.

Stakeholders contend that these efforts are crucial to strengthening the NCS’s role in revenue generation and ensuring adherence to best practices.

To this end, the NCS launched several programmes to enhance its operations.

One of such initiative was the pilot scheme of the Authorised Economic Operators (AEO) programme.

This programme aims to improve trade facilitation, boost customs efficiency, and enhance supply chain security.

The C-G emphasised that this programme would improve the ease of doing business at Nigeria’s ports, with its formal inauguration scheduled for Feb. 14, 2025.

Additionally, the NCS introduced the Advance Ruling System, a vital mechanism that enables traders to obtain binding decisions from customs administration regarding the classification, origin, and valuation of goods before importation.

This initiative is designed to promote a more transparent and predictable business environment, providing certainty in tariff classification, which is crucial for facilitating trade.

Functions of the Nigeria Customs Service(NCS) Source: NCS

In 2024, the NCS also unveiled the Time Release Study, which has helped provide empirical data to assess and improve the efficiency of its operations.

The NCS also made significant progress in its enforcement activities, recording 3,555 seizures in 2024, including wildlife items, arms and ammunition, narcotics, and pharmaceutical products.

The total value of these seizures, based on the Cost, Insurance, and Freight (CIF) value, amounted to N28.46 billion, with a total duty of N6.83 billion.

Moreover, the NCS, in collaboration with its concessionaire, the Trade Modernisation Project Ltd, delivered on its promise to introduce the home-grown Unified Customs Management System software, named B’Odogwu.

This software aims to automate trade operations and align the NCS with international standards.

However, despite these achievements, the NCS faced challenges in meeting its revenue target.

A notable issue was the fluctuation of the duty Foreign Exchange (FX) rates, which disrupted trade operations.

The NCS’s chief reported that, in the first half of the year alone, the duty FX rates were altered 70 times, causing uncertainty, reducing importation, and sparking a price surge.

Analysts contend that for Nigeria to emerge from its current economic challenges and for the government to build on its progress, stabilising the naira exchange rate and restoring economic stability should be priorities.

Such efforts would enable the NCS to meet its 2025 revenue target of N6.58 trillion.

The 2025 budget proposal, tagged the ‘Budget of Restoration: Securing Peace, Rebuilding Prosperity’, amounts to N49.7 trillion and sets a revenue target of N36.35 trillion.

Stakeholders, such as the Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, have described this goal as ambitious.

The budget is expected to build on key reforms, including duty-free food imports and tax updates, which are central to the mandate of the NCS.

The NCS, along with other key agencies such as the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) and the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Limited (NNPCL), will play a major role in achieving this revenue target.

Economic expert David Ambi, has expressed concern that the NCS’s new target of N6.58 trillion may stretch its capabilities.

He noted that such rapid growth expectations could be unrealistic if trade volumes or compliance levels do not increase proportionally.

Furthermore, Ambi pointed out that smuggling continues to undermine customs revenue, and corruption within the system leads to significant revenue leakages that require more stringent enforcement.

He further explained that a substantial portion of the NCS’s revenue comes from import duties.

However, fluctuations in import levels; caused by foreign exchange volatility, declining purchasing power, or restrictive trade policies—could negatively impact revenue.

Similarly, Hassan Nezifi, of the Economics Department at Nasarawa State University, Keffi, argued that meeting the revenue target will require a focused and practical approach.

He stressed the urgent need for the NCS to fast-track the full implementation of its Trade Modernisation Project, which could reduce leakages and enhance transparency.

Nezifi also suggested that the NCS should collaborate more closely with traders and stakeholders to streamline procedures and improve compliance.

Open communication and education campaigns, he added, would help build trust and ensure that businesses feel supported, rather than overwhelmed, in their interactions with the NCS.

While the target of N6.58 trillion is ambitious, Nezifi believes it is achievable if the NCS continues to modernise its operations, tackle smuggling, engage stakeholders, diversify its revenue base, and maintain transparency.

These efforts, he concluded, will not only help achieve the target but also contribute to the strengthening of Nigeria’s economy and the overall success of the 2025 budget.

As Nigerians await the appropriation of the budget proposal, public analyst Mr Bulus Dabit cautioned that the government must approach the matter of revenue generation with caution.

He suggested that the NCS should avoid imposing excessively high taxes on individuals and businesses, as this could discourage investment; an essential factor in stimulating the country’s economic growth. (NAN) (www.nannews.ng)

Edited by Tosin Kolade

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