By Kadiri Abdulrahman, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

President Muhammadu Buhari recently sent a request to the National Assembly to approve 800 million dollars loan meant to cushion effect of the proposed removal of fuel subsidy.

Minister of Finance, Budget, and National Planning, Zainab Ahmed, said that Nigeria secured the World Bank facility as a first tranche of palliatives for disbursement through cash transfers to about 50 million most vulnerable Nigerians.

Findings by the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) revealed that the financing agreement is between Nigeria and the International Development Association (IDA), a part of the World Bank group that helps the world’s poorest countries.

This loan request is coming shortly after the Red Chamber of the legislature approved another request from the President to securitise the pending N22.7 trillion Ways and Means Advances of the Central Bank of Nigerians (CBN).

The Ways and Means, when securitised, with the proposed borrowing plan in the 2023 budget, and this new World Bank loan are expected to increase the current debt stock of 46.25 trillion naira to about N77 trillion.

According to the Director of the Centre for the Promotion of Private Enterprise, Muda Yusuf, borrowing to fund post-fuel subsidy removal palliatives is not the best option.

Yusuf said that in the past, fuel subsidies did not involve borrowing, adding that palliatives should be funded from the savings from the subsidy removal.

He, however, said that the fuel subsidy removal and palliatives should be left for the incoming administration of Sen. Bola Tinubu to handle.

“First, any conversation on subsidy removal and palliatives should be left for the incoming administration.

“We have had subsidy-related palliatives in the past, and none involved borrowing.

“The practice had been that palliatives were funded from the savings from subsidy removal, which makes the current proposition rather strange,” the media recently quoted him as saying..

Some other stakeholders faulted the idea of the government dispensing monetary handouts to some categories of Nigerians in the name of palliatives or poverty alleviation.

Concerned Nigerians and financial experts have advised on the need for the Federal Government to improve revenue generation to reduce dependence on borrowings.

An economist, Dr Tope Fasua, said that it was not advisable to alleviate poverty by sharing money.

According to him, in all history about poverty alleviation, it has never been about sharing money.

“Yes, I think we have gotten to the point where we should remove the subsidy on petrol.

“We have seen that there seems to be some black hole of between three trillion Naira to five trillion naira every year that we are pumping into this.

“But providing N5,000 to 10 million households for a period of six months will do little to lift them out of poverty.

“While it is necessary to eliminate fuel subsidy, the deployment of the 800 million dollars World Bank loan will likely lead to inflation rather than foster economic development, ” he said.

He suggested an amendment to Personal Income Tax Act, providing tax breaks for average Nigerian income earners under the Pay As You Earn (PAYE) programme as a way of cushioning the effect of subsidy removal on Nigerians.

“The PAYE law can be amended slightly such that every worker in the private and public sector gets something in the pocket apart from those who are top-earners.

“You can also work on the Company Income Tax where you will be achieving two things; you are putting more money back into the hands of companies which are then able to retain staff or employ new staff.

“Also, they are now able to promote their businesses. People will also be encouraged to pay taxes because you are reducing their economic burden.

“When such burden is reduced, the government will then have the impetus to enforce tax collection,” he said.

Fasua advised that every state needed to take concrete steps to improve revenue generation for the economy to grow sustainably.

“Although debt-to-GDP ratio is not high compared to other countries, Nigeria needs to start spending wisely and generating more revenues,” he said.

The Debt Management Office (DMO) recognises this and has suggested that government could reduce its dependence on borrowings to finance budget deficits by improving its revenue drive.

DMO is the Federal Government agency established to centrally coordinate the management of national debts.

DMO Director-General, Patience Oniha, said that Nigeria had operated deficit budgets for many decades, which made borrowings from local and external sources imperative..

“The financing of the deficits through borrowing from local and external sources is the principal reason for the growth in debt stock and debt servicing.

“One way to reduce budget deficits is to grow revenues; the other way is to prioritise expenditure and cut waste and leakages”, she told participants at an executive course on budgeting and fiscal responsibility organised by the Fiscal Responsibility Commission in Abuja.

How much revenue is Nigeria generating? Statistics show that relative to other countries, Nigeria’s generation revenue is low.

“The World Bank World Economic Outlook for 2020 showed that Nigeria, with a revenue-to-GDP ratio of 6.3 per cent, was ranked 194 out of 196 countries covered,’’ she said.

She said that a strong and comparable revenue base would reduce the need for relatively large amounts of new borrowing as Nigeria has witnessed, and will also reduce the debt service to revenue ratio.

“Revenue is the way to go and that is how countries develop and use borrowing to augment revenue shortfalls now and again.

“Nigeria has been running budget deficits for decades; it is about time to shift to balanced budget and even surplus budgets,’’ she said.

Dr Ayo Abina, chairman of AACS, an international consulting and investment company, said rather than continued borrowing, Nigeria could generate extra 134.3 billion dollars in revenue to fund government’s expenditure.

“Nigeria can earn additional $53bn by raising the tax-to-GDP collection ratio to 15 per cent without raising taxes…and save $4 billion by tackling oil theft”, he said in a publication.

It has become obvious that Nigeria has to reduce dependent on oil receipts and diversify revenue generation channels if it would meet expectations on public expenditure. (NANFeatures)(www.nannews.ng)

A News Analysis by Fabian Ekeruche, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

Parents who have children with disabilities struggle so much to create an accommodating and inclusive atmosphere for their children because of the way society perceive Persons With Disability (PWDs).

They incur extra costs in making sure that their wards with disability are not left behind or secluded from their peers.

It is for this reason that the Irede Foundation dedicates its works to putting smiles on the faces of children amputees in Nigeria.

They do this by providing prosthetic limbs to children amputees from ages one to 18 to enable them have some form of independence.

Over the years, the foundation has been staging the Out –On- A- Limb walk to advocate inclusion for PWDs and to be their mouthpiece against stigmatisation in the society.

For the past 10 years the foundation has remained faithful to the provision of artificial limbs to children amputees free of charge.

The foundation is giving out about 200 limbs to children amputees in 2023.

Speaking to newsmen in Lagos, the Executive Director of Irede Foundation, Mrs Crystal Chigbu, says the foundation’s beginning was quite emotional and filled with the wonder.

Chigbu tells the story of how she gave birth to her first daughter with congenital limbs and how the search for meaning and solution for her family gave birth to the foundation.

She says that it is like walking in the road less travelled, but added that looking back she remain grateful to God and to the sponsors of the foundation; NNPC, SNEPCo, Prembly and P & G for their huge support.

The executive director says that the foundation has moved further to advocating for the rights of PWDs, fighting against stigmatization and advocating for inclusion and education of PWDs.

She affirms the possibility of a child amputee living life to its fullest .

“One thing that is also very crucial as we think of limb loss awareness month is that different things cause limb loss.

“For some children or people, it’s congenital; so, they were born with a congenital deformity and some come about it by negligence,” Chigbu says.

She notes that lack of seeking proper medical care at the right time sometimes lead to amputation in some people.

“One of the rising cases of the reason for amputation in the world today is diabetes, so from time to time we continue to engage with a lot of people that have their limbs amputated,” Chigbu says.

She adds that the 2023 Out- On -A -Limb walk is targeted at advocating for inclusive society for PWDs in about the 60 locations across the world where the walk took place.

Wuruola Kayode, Senior Programmes Lead, Irede Foundation, says the media play a critical role in advocating for the rights and needs of Persons With Disability (PWDs)

Kayode recalls how media advocacy in 2022 brought in a lot of referrals to the foundation.

According to her, there is need for greater synergy between the foundation and media representatives.

She notes that there is much the foundation can do through the collaboration of the media and good spirited individuals who can support the work of the foundation.

The senior programmes manager believes a solid media partnership will help the foundation fulfill its role of putting smiles in the face of PWDs.

For Abimbola Odukoya, Programmes Officer, Irede Foundation, the foundation approaches PWDs in an holistic manner to ensure that no child is left behind.

He says that some children are not able to access education because of their disability, adding that the foundation is focusing on giving access to education to these categories of children.

According to him, the association does a lot of advocacy work in ensuring that PWDs have access to quality education.

It also ensures that schools and authorities provide infrastructure that serve the needs of PWDs.

He added that the foundation enjoins well-meaning Nigerians to contribute their quota to the empowerment of PWDs by providing inclusive education.

Jamiu Bamgbose, a volunteer for the Irede inclusion walk at Alimosho, expresses delight in taking part in the disability walk.

Bamgbose, who describes himself as an advocate for inclusion and equality says he loves bringing smiles on the faces of the less privileged in the society.

Also, Moshood Sanni, Chief Operating Officer, Smak Foundation and Mandela Washington Fellow, argues that absolute inclusion implies removing the barriers of PWDs to accessing full social and economic opportunities.

“I have long realised that lack of access to physical environment and transportation, the unavailability of assistive devices and technologies, non-adapted means of communication for the hard of hearing/deaf were major challenges on the way of PWDs to participating in the affairs of the economy.

“Joining the 2023 Out- On –A- Limb Walk will alleviate or reduce drastically the level of discrimination, prejudice and stigma against PWDs in the society.

“Despite the ratification of PWDs rights by over 185 countries by the UN, most developing nations still perceive PWDs as those who deserved charity rather than acknowledging their fundamental rights.

“I hope that the walk will assist policy makers in making informed decisions as to the needs of children and people with special needs.”

At the rally held in Kogi State, Mr Peter Onyekwuo, the Kogi Coordinator of the foundation, describes the walk as a “huge success” and “historic”, being the first edition in the state.

He notes that the walk serves as enlightenment and sensitisation to the residents of Kogi on inclusion for PWDs.

Onyekwuo says, asides children,agess one to 18, the foundation also offers opportunity for adults who may also be in need of a limb.

“The difference is that adults are expected to pay half of the cost unlike that of children that is for free,” he said.

He said that the foundation was also going round placing hand bills in banks, hospitals, super markets/shopping malls, hotels, eateries/restaurants and parks.

“It is towards sensitising the public of the presence and offers of the foundation to the residents of the state,” he said.

The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that April is dedicated as Limb Loss Month and the foundation is leaving no stone unturned in its crusade for inclusion for PWDs.

The walk for inclusion took place in 60 locations across the world including Lagos, Delta, Edo, Bayelsa, Kogi, Kenya, U,S, Luxembourg, Texas, Netherlands and Dublin, to mention a few. (NANFeatures)(www.nannews.ng)

News Analysis by Okeoghene Akubuike, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

The World Bank Group (WBG) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) between April 10 and April 16 converged on Washington DC for their Annual Spring meetings.

The meetings brought together central banks, international financial institutions, ministers of finance and development, private sector executives, representatives from civil society organisations, and academics to discuss global economy issues.

It held amidst international efforts to stimulate global economy dampened by post-COVID-19 crisis, the Russia-Ukraine conflict, food shortages and climate-related challenges.

The meeting focused on agriculture and food insecurity, economic recovery, increasing fragility, conflict, and violence, climate change and debt, empowering women entrepreneurs, and the importance of private capital in sustainable development, among others.

The IMF’s latest World Economic Outlook Update Report for April 2023: “A Rocky Recovery”, released at the meetings shows global growth is projected to bottom out at 2.8 per cent in 2023 before rising modestly to 3.0 per cent in 2024.

The report showed that advanced economies were expected to see a growth slowdown from 2.7 per cent in 2022 to 1.3 per cent in 2023.

While the outlook growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is expected to slow to 3.6 per cent in 2023 as a “big funding squeeze”, tied to the drying up of aid and access to private finance, hits the region.

The report said the slowdown and subsequent rebound to 4.2 per cent in 2024 in SSA was in line with global recovery, subsiding inflation, and a winding down in monetary policy tightening.

According to the report, this will be the second consecutive year that SSA will record a lower rate of growth than the previous year.

Abebe Selassie, Director, African Department, IMF, while speaking at the new conference on the SSA Regional Economic Outlook during the meetings, said some countries, particularly those in the East African Community bloc, or non-oil resource-intensive countries, were expected to fare better.

He said Nigeria’s economy, a major oil exporter in Africa, was expected to grow by 3.2 per cent in 2023, down from 3.6 per cent in 2022, and projected growth to slow to 3.0 in 2024.

“The rapid tightening of global monetary policy has raised borrowing costs for SSA countries both on domestic and international markets.

“All Sub-Saharan African frontier markets have been cut off from market access since Spring 2022″, he said.

Selassie said the US dollar effective exchange rate reached a 20-year high last year, increasing the burden of dollar-denominated debt service payments.

He also said if measures were not taken, the” funding squeeze” will hamper Sub-Saharan’s efforts to build a skilled and educated population and to be the driving force of the global economy in years to come.

“First, it is important to consolidate public finances and strengthen public financial management amid difficult funding conditions.

“Second is containing inflation. Monetary policy should be steered cautiously until inflation is firmly on a downward trajectory and projected to return to the central bank’s target range.

“Third is allowing the exchange rate to adjust, while mitigating the adverse effects on the economy, including the rise in inflation and debt due to currency depreciations”, he said.

World Economic Outlook April 2023. Source: International Monetary Fund.

Mr David Malpass, World Bank Group President, said the diversion of natural gas to Europe presented grave obstacles to developing countries’ production of electricity, fertilizer, and food.

“These problems are severely constraining future growth and deepening inequality and fragility for developing countries.

“I travelled to West Africa in March, where we are working to provide support in the face of these problems”, he said.

Malpsss, during a news conference in the course of the meetings called on the incoming government in Nigeria to tackle trade protection that blocks importation; address dual exchange rates; and diversify the economy to achieve shared prosperity and sustainable growth.

The Bank’s President said in the Group’s forecast, Nigeria’s growth was 3.3 per cent in 2022 and 2.8 per cent in 2023.

Malpass went on to advise policymakers in Nigeria and other SSA countries to focus on policies that would enhance inclusive growth.

Ms Kristalina Georgieva, Managing Director, IMF, and Mr Olavo Correia, Cape Verde’s Finance Minister and Chair of the African Caucus in a joint statement after the meetings, said strengthening social protection is key to Africa’s development.

They also said leveraging digital infrastructure, such as mobile phone platforms, could help to increase efficiency and ensure social support was well targeted to the most vulnerable.

The group said in shock-prone environments such as Africa building resilience, including to climate change, remained fundamental.

“Mobilising additional external financing to support the recovery remains critical”, they said.

Georgieva said IMF was aware of the implications of external debt on the economy of African nations particularly the SSA countries would continue to provide technical assistance to them to mitigate the impact.

“The IMF continues to explore ways to make debt resolution more efficient. To this end, the IMF, together with the World Bank and the India G20 Presidency, have launched a Global Sovereign Debt Roundtable.

“The IMF remains steadfastly committed to the region and continues to work towards ensuring that its concessional lending toolkit for low-income countries is flexible, effective, and well-resourced.

“The Resilience and Sustainability Trust is now operational, providing longer-term affordable financing to address longer-term challenges, including climate change and pandemic preparedness.

“Rwanda is one of the first beneficiaries, with several other countries in the pipeline”, she said.

Nadia Calviño, the Chair of the International Monetary and Financial Committee said the meetings resolved enhanced commitment by members to ” coordinate our economic policies and to reinforce our global financial safety net.

“The meetings also resolved to work together in a constructive manner to deliver on our shared roadmap as we start the road to the Annual Meetings in Marrakesh.

The meetings have outlined and suggested pragmatic policies for the SSA region to cushion the effects of the global crisis as well as build external resilience and ensure sustainable growth.

Experts say the onus is on the governments and policymakers in the region to tailor these policies based on their peculiar challenges to steer the continent on the right economic trajectory.

They say it is also important for Bretton Woods Institutions to effectively implement resolutions at their meeting to stimulate economic growth and alleviate poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa countries. (NANFeatures)

**If used please credit the writer and News Agency of Nigeria.

News Analysis by Okeoghene Akubuike, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

The World Bank Group (WBG) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) between April 10 and April 16 converged on Washington DC for their Annual Spring meetings.

The meetings brought together central banks, international financial institutions, ministers of finance and development, private sector executives, representatives from civil society organisations, and academics to discuss global economy issues.

It held amidst international efforts to stimulate global economy dampened by post-COVID-19 crisis, the Russia-Ukraine conflict, food shortages and climate-related challenges.

The meeting focused on agriculture and food insecurity, economic recovery, increasing fragility, conflict, and violence, climate change and debt, empowering women entrepreneurs, and the importance of private capital in sustainable development, among others.

The IMF’s latest World Economic Outlook Update Report for April 2023: “A Rocky Recovery”, released at the meetings shows global growth is projected to bottom out at 2.8 per cent in 2023 before rising modestly to 3.0 per cent in 2024.

The report showed that advanced economies were expected to see a growth slowdown from 2.7 per cent in 2022 to 1.3 per cent in 2023.

While the outlook growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is expected to slow to 3.6 per cent in 2023 as a “big funding squeeze”, tied to the drying up of aid and access to private finance, hits the region.

The report said the slowdown and subsequent rebound to 4.2 per cent in 2024 in SSA was in line with global recovery, subsiding inflation, and a winding down in monetary policy tightening.

According to the report, this will be the second consecutive year that SSA will record a lower rate of growth than the previous year.

Abebe Selassie, Director, African Department, IMF, while speaking at the new conference on the SSA Regional Economic Outlook during the meetings, said some countries, particularly those in the East African Community bloc, or non-oil resource-intensive countries, were expected to fare better.

He said Nigeria’s economy, a major oil exporter in Africa, was expected to grow by 3.2 per cent in 2023, down from 3.6 per cent in 2022, and projected growth to slow to 3.0 in 2024.

“The rapid tightening of global monetary policy has raised borrowing costs for SSA countries both on domestic and international markets.

“All Sub-Saharan African frontier markets have been cut off from market access since Spring 2022″, he said.

Selassie said the US dollar effective exchange rate reached a 20-year high last year, increasing the burden of dollar-denominated debt service payments.

He also said if measures were not taken, the” funding squeeze” will hamper Sub-Saharan’s efforts to build a skilled and educated population and to be the driving force of the global economy in years to come.

“First, it is important to consolidate public finances and strengthen public financial management amid difficult funding conditions.

“Second is containing inflation. Monetary policy should be steered cautiously until inflation is firmly on a downward trajectory and projected to return to the central bank’s target range.

“Third is allowing the exchange rate to adjust, while mitigating the adverse effects on the economy, including the rise in inflation and debt due to currency depreciations”, he said.

World Economic Outlook, April 2023: A Rocky Recovery

World Economic Outlook April 2023. Source: International Monetary Fund.

Mr David Malpass, World Bank Group President, said the diversion of natural gas to Europe presented grave obstacles to developing countries’ production of electricity, fertilizer, and food.

“These problems are severely constraining future growth and deepening inequality and fragility for developing countries.

“I travelled to West Africa in March, where we are working to provide support in the face of these problems”, he said.

Malpsss, during a news conference in the course of the meetings called on the incoming government in Nigeria to tackle trade protection that blocks importation; address dual exchange rates; and diversify the economy to achieve shared prosperity and sustainable growth.

The Bank’s President said in the Group’s forecast, Nigeria’s growth was 3.3 per cent in 2022 and 2.8 per cent in 2023.

Malpass went on to advise policymakers in Nigeria and other SSA countries to focus on policies that would enhance inclusive growth.

Ms Kristalina Georgieva, Managing Director, IMF, and Mr Olavo Correia, Cape Verde’s Finance Minister and Chair of the African Caucus in a joint statement after the meetings, said strengthening social protection is key to Africa’s development.

They also said leveraging digital infrastructure, such as mobile phone platforms, could help to increase efficiency and ensure social support was well targeted to the most vulnerable.

The group said in shock-prone environments such as Africa building resilience, including to climate change, remained fundamental.

“Mobilising additional external financing to support the recovery remains critical”, they said.

Georgieva said IMF was aware of the implications of external debt on the economy of African nations particularly the SSA countries would continue to provide technical assistance to them to mitigate the impact.

“The IMF continues to explore ways to make debt resolution more efficient. To this end, the IMF, together with the World Bank and the India G20 Presidency, have launched a Global Sovereign Debt Roundtable.

“The IMF remains steadfastly committed to the region and continues to work towards ensuring that its concessional lending toolkit for low-income countries is flexible, effective, and well-resourced.

“The Resilience and Sustainability Trust is now operational, providing longer-term affordable financing to address longer-term challenges, including climate change and pandemic preparedness.

“Rwanda is one of the first beneficiaries, with several other countries in the pipeline”, she said.

Nadia Calviño, the Chair of the International Monetary and Financial Committee said the meetings resolved enhanced commitment by members to ” coordinate our economic policies and to reinforce our global financial safety net.

“The meetings also resolved to work together in a constructive manner to deliver on our shared roadmap as we start the road to the Annual Meetings in Marrakesh.

The meetings have outlined and suggested pragmatic policies for the SSA region to cushion the effects of the global crisis as well as build external resilience and ensure sustainable growth.

Experts say the onus is on the governments and policymakers in the region to tailor these policies based on their peculiar challenges to steer the continent on the right economic trajectory.

They say it is also important for Bretton Woods Institutions to effectively implement resolutions at their meeting to stimulate economic growth and alleviate poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa countries. (NANFeatures)

**If used please credit the writer and News Agency of Nigeria.

By Ruth Oketunde, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

Security is fundamental to virtually all human activities, electoral processes inclusive. Any nation considering development must conceive and implement robust security arrangements, experts say.

A vibrant security structure is required to not only protect but also nurture nascent democracies such as Nigeria’s

It is the duty of the state to secure its citizens and institutions. It created the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps to augment the efforts of the Police.

However, government’s security agencies alone cannot do the job; somebody has to fill the gap.

During the just-concluded general election, security agencies did their best to protect politicians, INEC personnel, electoral materials, electorate, rallies and conventions.

However, the violence and skirmishes experienced in some parts of the country during the just-concluded general election underscores the need to bolster the nation’s security system

Some of the security challenges witnessed during the elections include violent demonstrations, theft of electoral supplies, targeted attacks on leaders and voters, among others.

Some observers attribute the violence to inadequate public security manpower deployed to the polling units.

Some political analyst say INEC should be held responsible for the violence in line with Section 27 (3) of Electoral Act 2022 Section 27 (3).

That section stipulates that INEC shall be responsible for requesting for the deployment of relevant security personnel necessary for elections or registrations of voters and shall assign them in a manner determined by the commission in consultation with the relevant security agencies.

They argue that the law did not set particular boundaries on the relevant security personnel except for the Nigerian Armed Forces.

The already enormous task of securing Nigeria with its vast land mass and huge population is usually compounded during election periods where special arrangements have to be  made to meet security demands.

To overcome this challenge, Mr Okereke Chinwike, Chief Executive Officer, African Law Foundation (AFRILAW) said it was important to recognise the complementary roles of the private security providers in providing security during elections.

He said that private security companies should be harnessed by the Federal Government in ensuring adequate election security during future elections.

According to him, there is need for an increased cooperation between INEC, the private security operators as well as election policy makers to ensure that their resources are utilized in the future.

“The private security guards can play a critical role in monitoring and reporting incidences; provide security for election stakeholders’ office premises, politicians, political parties’ events, INEC and other support services that public security agencies carry out.

“Though they have been carrying out some of these services unofficially, right now, we want the policymakers to make it official so that they can complement the public security agencies.

“They should also be given a capacity building training so that they can offer quality and professional services in further elections.

“Some of the roles of private security in election include provision of security in government installations, political party premises and homes of political actors.

“They also complement formal security in crowd control during rallies and other political meetings,” he said.

Mr Oyesanya Sanya, Deputy Commandant, NSCDC, agrees that private security providers should be given the opportunity to complement the services the public security agencies during elections

“Private security came into being because of the gap in what United Nations recommended as the standard ratio for policing the citizens, which is one police officer to every 450 citizen.

“Government-funded security agencies cannot do all; these are the gaps the private security guards are filling, which they have been doing in everyday security.

“Using them for election security will assist us in having a well secured election process,” he said.

Dr David Vareba, Coordinator, Access Africa for Right and Development Initiative, said deliberate efforts should be made by all critical election stakeholders to ensure adequate use of private security guards during election.

Vareba, who served as an election observer in Rivers during the 2023 general election, also said that private security guards were not adequately involved in the electoral process.

He urged adequate compensation measures for private security guards deployed to high risk and volatile areas for election-related duties.

Similarly, Vice-President, Association of Licensed Private Security Practitioners of Nigeria (ALPSPN), Clement Anala, said there is need for private security guards to be incorporated into the mainstream security architecture for better synergy among security personnel in the country be they private or public.

“We have a whole lot of private security guards within the scope of the 36 states.

“What we need is capacity building for our personnel and to increase coordination with relevant security stakeholders, including the government, civil society and media to ensure our full participation in future elections,” he said. (NANFeatures)

** If used please credit the writer and News Agency of Nigeria.

By Lucy Ogalue and Ikenna Uwadileke, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

Counterfeiting, the act of imitating, making illegal copies, or making something look like the original, usually goes with the intent to steal, destroy, deceive or even replace the original.

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development reveals that African countries are target destinations for counterfeit goods such as pharmaceuticals, foods and beverages.

Unfortunately, the ultimate victims of counterfeiting are the consumers, who receive poor-quality goods and are exposed to health and safety dangers.

In spite of the potential economic benefits of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCTA), there have been concerns by some stakeholders that it could lead to an increased rate of counterfeiting and dumping of substandard products.

No doubt, counterfeit products endanger health as consumers even death when they ingest fake food, drinks or drugs, or use counterfeit cosmetics.

Apart from the health and safety risks, industries worldwide also lose a lot to counterfeiters.

Those losses, according to a report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, not only affect the producers of genuine items but also involve social costs.

The World Customers Organisation believes that counterfeiting drains an estimated amount of 600 billion euros annually from the global economy.

To put it to proper perspective, this is equivalent to the loss of about five to seven per cent of trade in brand–name goods worldwide.

In addition, it is estimated that around 2.5 million jobs are lost due to counterfeiting across G20 economics alone.

This leads to a loss of tax revenue to governments, income loss to local manufacturers and loss of jobs in the employment that would have otherwise been generated.

It is estimated that trade in counterfeit goods is now worth more than five per cent of world trade.

Experts say that governments also incur large costs in destroying and prosecuting defaulters.

For instance, the Nigerian Copyrights Commission (NCC) says the country loses N918 trillion ($3 billion) annually to the activities of pirates.

As of April 2022, the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) said that Nigeria has a 15 per cent of drug prevalence.

The Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON) estimates that about 75 per cent of auto spare parts in the country are fake.

Experts attribute the increasing wave of counterfeiting to advanced technology, increased international trade, emerging markets and an increased share of products that are attractive to imitate.

However, they say that concerted efforts are critical in combating the distribution of counterfeit goods in Nigeria.

Dr Abdulrasheed Yerima, National President, Nigerian Association of Small and Medium Enterprises (NASME), said such efforts are necessary to protect the society, economy and environment from the threats counterfeiting poses.

A consumer, Mr Fidelis Edeh, believes that due to the damages caused by substandard products, consumers must join in the fight against counterfeit products by consciously rejecting them.

“If counterfeiters must face stiff penalties, consumers must report illicit products/dealers to SON,” Edeh said.

According to Ms Annabel Nkeruem, a public health analyst, consumers have a role to play in destroying counterfeit products and bringing their merchants to book.

As a regulatory body in charge of ensuring the maintenance of standards in local and imported products, SON said it is demonstrating capacity in combating counterfeiting, fake and substandard products.

One of the ways through which the organisation is fighting the menace is by initiating the Products Authentication Mark (PAM).

According to Mr Tersoo Orgudwem, Director Product Certification, SON, the organisation introduced the SON Conformity Assessment Programme (SONCAP) to ensure that all imported products are of acceptable quality.

Orgudwem said for the international community not to assume Nigeria is creating a trade barrier; SON also introduced MANCAP for the locally manufactured goods in Nigeria.

“The world has become a global village, and Nigeria is part of that village, and we cannot run away from it, so we have introduced measures, particularly for imported goods.

“This ensures that Nigeria does not become a dumping ground for any other country. So, if they want to trade with us, they should give us what they can use in their country.

According to Orgudwem, the consumer is fully involved in enforcing quality by scanning the PAM or sending a short message (SMS) to verify the product’s status before purchasing a product.

According to him, PAM is designed such that the product has a stamp on it and consumers have the QR code either on their smartphones or there is a number on the stamp on the product.

“If you don’t have an Android phone or an IOS phone, you can send the number of the product on the stamp to a toll-free code 281.

“And within five seconds, they will return a message telling you that the product is certified by SON and is good for use”, he said.

According to Orgudwem, Nigeria makes up about 20 per cent of Africa’s population, estimated at 220 million, making it a target market for both genuine and fake products.

Addressing the challenge posed by counterfeit products is a difficult task and an economist, Margaret Attah, says all relevant bodies should partner to ensure that the battle is won.

According to Attah, tackling counterfeit products successfully will massive benefit the economy because it will stimulate the growth of industries, attract investment and reduce unemployment.

While some stakeholders commend SON for initiating PAM to mitigate substandard products, others urge the government to ensure the prosecution of offenders.

The Director-General of SON, Farouk Salim, said the organisation was working with the National Assembly to amend its Act to make for more successful prosecution of counterfeiters.

“We are already working with NASS to amend the existing Act to increase the penalties such as jail terms for defaulters,” he said. (NANFeatures)

**If used please credit the writers and News Agency of Nigeria.

A News Analysis by Lucy Ogalue, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

Poverty, the inability to satisfy basic human needs is endemic in Africa. Unfortunately, the continent is blessed with enormous human and materials resources to meet its needs and stimulate growth and prosperity.

Many factors such as illiteracy and lack of good governance have been identified as being responsible for this. Recent global developments such as COVID-19 outbreak have made the matter worse.

According to the Economic Report on Africa 2021 (ERA2021) inaugurated by the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic pushed an estimated 55 million Africans into extreme poverty in 2020.

The pandemic reversed more than two decades of progress in poverty reduction on the continent.

Reports show that in 2019, 424 million people in sub-Saharan Africa lived in severe poverty and 460 million in 2022.

Based on the Economic Development in Africa (ECA) Report 2021, Africa stands out as the most affected region in the world in terms of loss of income of poor households.

The Chief Economist of ECA, Hanan Morsy, says Africa currently accounts for more than half of the World’s poor at 54.8 per cent.

Morsy, during the 55th session of the Conference of African Ministers of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, said the continent faced a tsunami of global shocks that have exacerbated existing socio-economic operation and equity.

She said because of these shocks; the continent currently accounts for more than half of the world’s poor at 54.8 per cent.

“We have estimated 548 million Africans living in poverty in 2022 and 149 million at risk of falling into poverty in the same year.

“There is a skewed distribution across the continent in terms of concentration of these issues, with particularly East and West Africa having a higher share of poverty across regions,” she said.

Morsy said the situation was further exacerbated by existing inequalities, noting that even in times of high economic growth in Africa, the rate of inequality still rose.

“We need to pursue inclusive macroeconomic policies such as targeted and efficient spending and build resilience to future shocks at the household and community level.

“African governments need to enhance resource mobilisation. To do that, I think several measures would help, including closing tax loopholes.

“Africa loses 40 to 60 billion dollars annually in tax evasion. There’s also funding that can be raised through tackling issues of illicit financial flows,” she said.

Mr Adam Elhiraika, Director Macroeconomic Policy Division, ECA, said many African countries were struggling to meet the continent’s development goals due to the impact of severe and mutually reinforcing shocks.

According to Elhiraika, the continent has encountered severe developmental challenges due to increasing poverty, high inequality rates and a lack of decent jobs.

He reiterated that the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ukrainian war and the resultant food and energy crisis, rising inflation, debt tightening, and natural disasters were critical factors to the challenge.

He spoke at a recent at a meeting of experts to herald the 2023 Conference of African Ministers of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development in Ethiopia.

Elhiraika said the Africa’s growth dwindled from 4.6 per cent in 2021 to 3.6 per cent in 2022 and is anticipated to grow by 3.9 per cent in 2023.

“In 2022, an additional 18 million new poor emerged in Africa, with more than half the highest proportion of the world’s poor at 54.8 per cent.

“This is alarming because 546 million people were living in poverty in 2022, which is more than half of the continent’s population,” Elhiraika said.

To enable countries on the continent to advance, in spite of the challenges they encountered, the ECA pledged its unreserved commitment to support and provide shields where necessary.

Acting Secretary-General of ECA, Antonio Pedro, said Africa needs adequate financing to tackle poverty on the continent and cushion the vulnerable groups while meeting its long-term development objectives.

Pedro, at the conference, reiterated that evidence showed the effects of COVID-19, the war in Ukraine, the looming debt crisis, and climate change impacts characterised the deep and interlocking crises in Africa.

He said overcoming these challenges, occasioned by the overlapping crises, would require African countries to formulate innovative and multifaceted strategies that provide a range of policy options.

The acting secretary explained that implementing the agreement establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCTA) continued to be the blueprint for the African pro-poor economic recovery.

He said there was the need to expedite action on the agreement’s implementation, given its numerous benefits to member states, including resilience to shocks.

Similarly, the African Union Commissioner for Economic Development, Trade, Industry and Mining, Albert Muchanga, said African continental efforts alone were not sufficient to solve the problem.

He, therefore, urged the reform of the global value chain, focus on developing regional and continental value chains and the need for African countries to invest at least one per cent of their GDP in research and development.

Muchanga said the commission was designing a programme that would enable Africa to move from being a producer and exporter of raw materials to an exporter of manufactured goods, agro-processed foods, and services.

The commissioner, however, said Africa faced a climate finance challenge, which could lead to increased climate-induced poverty across the continent.

Meanwhile, highlighting some of the resolutions at the end of the conference, its Chairman/Ministerial Committee of Uganda, Henry Ariganyira, said women and youth empowerment was imperative for the continent’s development.

“Member States are called to leverage the agreement establishing the AfCTA to strengthen their resilience to future economic shocks and maintain sustainable growth.

“They should use it to create wealth and increase domestic resource mobilisation through prudent and targeted public spending, modernise the tax system and adopt home-grown fiscal and monetary reforms that attract small and medium-sized investors,” she said.

Experts say that to address its poverty challenge, African countries should look more inwards with a view to harnessing the continent’s abundant resources rather than depending on handouts and economic templates developed for the continent in foreign lands. (NANFeatures)

By Kadiri Abdulrahman, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

In recent times, the media has been awash with news about the huge debt burden that the incoming government would inherit from the President Muhammadu Buhari administration.

This started after Buhari signed the 2023 budget of 21.83 trillion Naira into law in December, 2022, and said the country could pay N1.8 trillion in extra interest on borrowings.

Nigeria’s external debt is considered to be the biggest in sub-Saharan Africa. It has already been rescheduled several times.

In spite of the rescheduling and refinancing by creditors who were either members of the Paris Club (governments), London Club (banks) or independent creditors, arrears of this debt kept accumulating over time.

The President, however, justified government borrowing to finance infrastructure, asserting that his government took loans in the interest of the country to solve infrastructure deficit.

“We have so many challenges with infrastructure. We just have to take loans to do roads, rail and power, so that investors will find us attractive and come here to put their money,’’ he told members of the Presidential Economic Advisory Council.

He regretted that the failure to provide the infrastructure for effective transportation deprived the country of its well-deserved status as the West African hub for air cargo transportation and trans-shipment of goods.

The Debt Management Office (DMO) recently announced that Nigeria’s total public debt stock as at Dec.31, 2022 was 103.11 billion dollars.

DMO is the federal government agency established to centrally coordinate the management of national debts.

It explained that the Debt Stock was made up of the domestic and external debt stocks of the Federal Government, the 36 state governments and the Federal Capital Territory.

A breakdown of the public debt stock showed that 37.82 per cent was external, while the balance of 62.18 per cent was domestic.

Findings by the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) revealed that the comparative debt stock for Dec. 31, 2021 was 95.77 billion dollars.

According to the DMO, in terms of composition, total domestic debt stock stood at 61.42 billion dollars, while total external debt stock was 41.69 billion dollars.

It is noteworthy, however, that the debt figure, excludes the N22 trillion Federal Government’s indebtedness to the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), through Ways and Means Advances.

Finance experts say Ways and Means Advances is a loan facility used by the apex bank to finance the government during temporary budget shortfalls. It is, however, subject to limits as prescribed by the constitution.

The Ways and Means Advances are presently awaiting securitisation by the National Assembly, and can only be added to the country’s public debt after such securitisation.

According to the Director-General of DMO, Patience Oniha, the reasons for the increase in total public debt stock were new borrowings by the Federal Government and sub-national governments, primarily to finance budget deficits and execute capital projects.

“The issuance of promissory notes by the Federal Government to settle some liabilities also contributed to growth in the debt stock,” she said.

Oniha, however, assured that on-going efforts by the Federal Government to increase revenue from oil and non-oil sources through initiatives like the Finance Acts and the Strategic Revenue Mobilisation Initiative are expected to support debt sustainability.

She said the recently introduced Medium Term Debt Management Strategy (MTDS) provided a guide to the borrowing activities of government in the medium-term.

She explained that MTDS adequately reflected the current economic realities and the projected trends, adding that its preparation involved the consideration of alternative funding strategies available to the government.

“It seeks to meet its financing needs, taking into consideration the cost of borrowing and the associated risks, while ensuring debt sustainability in the medium to long-term,” she said.

Experts say in spite of the seeming high debt rate, there is no cause for alarm for the economy. The country’s debt-to-GDP ratio of 23.20 per cent remains within the 40 per cent limit self-imposed by Nigeria and the 55 per cent limit recommend by World Bank/International Monetary Fund (IMF).

It is also within the 70 per cent limit recommend by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

According a study conducted by the World Bank, a debt to GDP ratio that exceeds 77 per cent for an extended period of time may result in an adverse impact on economic growth.

Records show that Nigeria’s external debt remained low until the middle of the 1970s. It was 1.5 billion dollars in 1970 and 2.5 billion dollars in 1975.

The situation began to get out of control around 1977 when an outstanding growth rate in the country’s debt became manifest.

The outstanding debt reached 7.5 billion dollars in 1979 and 8.9 billion dollars by 1980.

This was due to excess borrowing from international agencies and countries at non-concessional interest rate as a result of the decline in oil earnings.

It also followed the emergence of high trade arrears due to inability of the country to either produce or foot the bills of importation of needed goods and services.

By 2005, the nation’s debt had ballooned to about 30 billion dollars, mostly borrowed from the Paris Club of creditors.

Nigeria and the creditors’ club then went into series of negotiations on a mutually acceptable relief on the 30 billion dollars debt with the Paris Club.

In October 2005, Nigeria and the Paris Club announced a final agreement for debt relief worth 18 billion dollars. The creditors had cancelled 18 billion dollars and Nigeria repaid 12 billion dollars. Most of the 18 billion dollars was registered as aid.

The deal was completed in April 2006, when Nigeria made its final payment and its books were cleared of any Paris Club debt.

Some Nigerians opined at the time, that it did not make economic sense to pay such huge amounts of Foreign Exchange in one fell swoop just to enjoy debt relief.

They argued that the funds could have been channeled into improving infrastructure and creating enabling environment to attract viable foreign investments for economic growth.

The government of President Olusegun Obasanjo, however went ahead with the payment and exited the country from the huge debt burden of the Paris Club.

The relief, however, turned out to be temporary as, by June 2015, the country’s debt had again jumped to 63.8 billion dollars, representing the country’s highest debt profile since 2007.

An economist, Tope Fasua, advised the Federal Government to improve on the budgeting system to check deficit financing and make the annual budgets more impactful.

“Unfortunately, we have found ourselves in a difficult scenario due to the pandemic and falling crude oil prices and we just have to go borrowing like most other countries in the world.

“Government should ensure that our borrowings are effectively utilised for optimum economic impact,” he said.

Laoye Jaiyeola, Chief Executive Officer of the National Economic Summit Group (NESG), said that, though Nigeria’s debt-to-GDP ratio could be considered low, the revenue that went into debt servicing was still on the high side.

“We should all be worried about the rising debt profile of the country.

“Some people say that the debt-to-GDP ratio is still low. It could be low, but servicing debt is still a challenge,” he said.

He suggested a drastic cut in running cost of governance, reduction in recurrent expenditure, as well as removal of subsidies in electricity and petroleum products, as a way of reducing the debt burden.

As Nigerians look forward to the inauguration of a new government on May 29, stakeholders advise the incoming administration to take aggressive measures to improve revenue generation so as to curb dependence on domestic and external borrowings to fund its annual budgets. (NANFeatures)(www.nannews.ng)