Another look at CBN’s new guidelines for BDC operations

By Kayode Adebiyi, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

Recently, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) released draft revised guidelines that will help bolster the regulation of Bureau De Change (BDC) operations in the country.

The apex bank was responding to the incessant volatility of the naira which, at some point, depreciated by 60 per cent at the official market and 50 per cent at the black market.

In response to the poor performance of the naira, the bank came up with several measures to correct the anomaly, including a comprehensive strategy to enhance liquidity in the forex market.

It also embarked on unifying FX market segments, clearing outstanding FX obligations, and enforcing the Net Open Position limit for commercial banks and adjusting the remunerable Standing Deposit Facility Cap.

It also reversed the dollar-for-dollar policy and made sure that International Oil Companies only repatriate 50 per cent of proceeds.

In furtherance of its new operational mechanism for BDC operators, the CBN’s Revised Regulatory and Supervisory Guidelines for Bureau De Change Operations in Nigeria Exposure draft was released on Feb. 26, 2024.

Under the new guidelines, the apex bank is proposing an increase in the minimum capital requirements for BDC operators in the country to N2 billion and N500 million for Tier 1 and Tier 2 licenses respectively.

Before now, the minimum capital requirement used to be N35 million for a general license.

“Tier 1 operators must maintain a minimum share capital of N2 billion and also submit a Mandatory Caution Deposit of N200 million.

“In Tier 2, operators are required to possess a minimum share capital of N500 million and maintain a Mandatory Caution Deposit of N50 million,” the new regulation stated.

Another crucial provision of the new regulation is the listing of sources of forex for BDCs.

The new guidelines listed sources from where BDCs can get forex. They include tourists, returnees from the diaspora, International Monetary Transfers Operators, and Embassies.

This is a major shift from the past, where the Foreign Exchange Act allowed for nondisclosure of sources of any foreign currency to be sold in the market.

Quoting the Foreign Exchange Act of 1995, BusinessDay newspaper reported that the 2002 and 2015 regulations allowed private sources to provide a gateway for money laundering and round-tripping of forex sourced in the official market.

“Except as required under any enactment or law, a person executing a transaction in the Market shall not be required and, if required, shall not be obliged, to disclose the source of any foreign currency to be sold in the Market…

“No foreign currency imported under this Act shall be liable to seizure or forfeiture or to suffer any form of expropriation by the Federal or a State Government except as provided under this Act,” the 1995 Foreign Exchange Act stated.

The constitution of boards was also reviewed by the CBN.

“The number of independent non-executive directors shall be at least 2 for tier 1 BDCs and 1 for tier 2 BDCs, provided that where a BDC is publicly listed, it shall comply with the applicable provisions of CAMA 2020.

“A Tier 1 BDC shall have an Executive Director other than the MD/CEO. A tier 2 BDC may have an ED apart from the MD/CEO,” it said.

Under the new rules, prospective and current directors of a BDC are to disclose their board memberships to other entities.

The new guidelines also took the issue of gender and representation seriously because they prohibit a one-gender board and encourage women’s economic empowerment following the Nigerian Sustainable Banking Principles.

Also, as part of the new guidelines for BDC regulation, they are now to have external auditors.

The CBN said by making provisions for external auditors, it is trying to boost corporate governance and ensure a proactive approach to compliance.

It also said that the tenure of an external audit firm in any BDC shall not exceed 10 consecutive years, subject to the rotation of audit engagement partners at least once every five years.

Such firms, it continued, shall not be re-appointed until after a cool-off period of five consecutive years.

“The external auditors shall be appointed by the Board, subject to ratification by shareholders at a general meeting. The external auditors shall not resume until the BDC has obtained approval of the CBN,” it said.

In addition, the apex bank has mandated that going forward, transactions will require BVN or TIN from domestic customers and passports from foreign customers which is a global industry standard.

“All transactions by residents shall only commence after electronic retrieval of the potential customer’s BVN or Tax Identification Number (TIN) from the NIBSS or Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) databases, respectively, and the details confirmed to match with the potential customer’s standard identification document.”

Another important provision of the draft guidelines is the full digital integration of the operations of BDCs with the CBN within the foreign exchange market as a prerequisite to enhance market transparency and promote effective price discovery.

The central bank said the integration will provide it with comprehensive, real-time insights into the volume and flow of transactions within the parallel market.

Data on transaction origin and destination will improve regulatory oversight and support more accurate market valuations.

“Upon the grant of provisional approval, promoters of the proposed BDC shall submit an application for final license within sixty (60) days, documents including; Concluded integration with the CBN: System integration with the CBN will cover connectivity with its extranet gateway (virtual private network) and relevant systems such as the returns rendition system, Financial Institutions Foreign Exchange Reporting System (FIFX), Financial Analysis (FinA), Centralised AML/CFT/CPF rendition platform (CARP), Tax Identification Number Verification Portal of Federal Inland Revenue Service, among others.”

Some financial experts have commended the CBN for unveiling the revised regulatory guidelines.

The said further regulation of the activities of BDCs would help fight illicit financial flows and curb terrorism financing in Nigeria. (NANFeatures)

**If used please credit the writer and the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN).

Snake: The dilemma of a misunderstood utility creature

By Hajara Leman, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

The snake, a word that sends shivers down the spine of even gallants. It connotes many things to many people.

For ages, snake and man have been archenemies. From Christian perspective, snake first emerged on the scene following its encounter with Eve, the matriarch of human race, according to Bible account.

The story chronicled the role of snake in the pains and anguish of humans by bamboozling Eve into eating the forbidden fruit against God’s instruction.

She later convinced her husband, Adam to join her in the disobedience.

“I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her offspring; he shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise his head’’, God said.

That antagonistic relationship between man and snake as decreed by God, according to that Bible account, has continued till date.

Some years ago, a colleague of mine in the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) had written a features story highlighting the “Economic importance of Snakes”, and behold, the reaction of other reporters in the newsroom was palpable.

Does this imply that the snake can be of no benefit to man or vice versa? How about economic and environmental benefits?

This writer witnessed a scenario that reinforces the enmity between man and snake. Traveling in a commercial vehicle which was on a top speed, the passengers observed an object on the road.

As the vehicle drove closer it became obvious that the object was a snake struggling to cross the highway.

Immediately, the entire passengers started urging the driver to meet up and crush the reptile. Behold an enemy has been sighted! The driver obeyed.

Instantly, the universe was deprived of a colourful reptile, which allure would have continued to feed many eyes, and perhaps continued to add beauty to the universe.

The experts say the hatred for snakes that often results in eliminating them, most times out of fear than provocation, has disastrous consequences for humans and the ecosystem.

They say in spite of the perceived dangers of these reptiles, the snake-to-human relationship is shrouded in economic, medicinal and environmental advantages.

The town of Kaltungo in Gombe State, Nigeria, lies within the snake belt region of Northern Nigeria, with a high population of the reptile. The most common species are Carpets Viper, Puff Adder and Cobra.

The presence of the snakes makes farming and animal rearing activities in the area very difficult and risky.

In Kaltungo lies the Snakebite Research and Treatment Centre, where most victims of snake bites, mostly peasant farmers and herders, seek treatment to survive snake bites.

In 2023 alone, no fewer than 2,794 people were bitten by snakes in Gombe state alone, with 30 deaths recorded from the incidents.

For this and other reasons, the local community initiated efforts to reduce the snake population or eliminate them.

One of the initiatives is the payment of N200 as reward to whoever could kill a snake and present its remains as evidence.

This reward approach, initiated by the traditional institution in Kaltungo, reinforces the belief that reptiles are nuisance to the society.

However, Dr.Abubakar Balla, the Research Officer, at the snakebite treatment centre, said snakes have numerous benefits to advantages to man and the environment,

Balla said snakes cleanse the ecosystem by reducing rodents, mice, insects and other creatures that destroy crops.

“When there are no snakes in a farm, that farm will suffer from mild or severe destruction; people always think about the negative side of snake, but it has its advantages.

“Snakes are always on the defensive; they are always hiding, unless they are trampled on, or taken by surprise; they will hardly bite,” he said.

According to him, snakes who prey on rodents, have contributed in reducing the spread of rodent-transmitted diseases like Lassa Fever, Hantavirus, and Hemorrhagic Fever, among others.

“The treatment of these diseases caused by rodents costs millions of dollars, apart from millions of jobs lost annually the world over as a result destruction of crops by same,” said Balla.

He cited examples of U.S. where rodents destroy crops worth 1.8 billion USD Dollars annually,  and India where they destroy 8 million tonnes of assorted grains.

He said the challenge posed by the rodents could be tackled by non-poisonous snakes.

Balla said in the 1990s in Nebraska, the U.S. brown snakes were deliberately imported to checkmate the excesses of birds and ticks.

According to him, the ticks are capable of transmitting diseases like lyme, tularaemia relapsing fever and anaplasmosis, among others.

He also said in pharmaceutical industries, snake venom is being used for the production of cardiovascular and hypertensive drugs like Captopril, Epitibatide, Tirofiban, Enalapril, Perkinson, Alzheimer’ and the Antisnake Venom itself, a life-saving drug.

He also said snakes were beautiful creatures that inspire awe, saying some people kept them as pets and traded them as export to countries like Indonesia, earning millions of dollars each year from export.

Balla also said that snake venom is used in the cosmetic industry to produce cream for anti-aging and the removal of wrinkles and black-spots.

Balla said snake farmers also earned huge money from selling its venom, with an ounce of it attracting a huge amount of money because of its importance.

He said that in addition industries used the snake skin to manufacture bags, shoes, belts, bangles, and many things, which increased the country’s GDP.

Snakes have also become a major source of revenue for Gombe State government, which according to media reports, exports no fewer than 400 snakes to United Kingdom every month.

In the Entertainment Industry, Balla said the placing of snakes in Zoos worldwide, generated over two billion dollars, as people often trooped there to catch glimpse of their eye-catching features.

Dr. Amobi Maduabuchi of the Department of Biological Science, Federal University Kashere, Gombe State reiterated the biodiversity importance of snakes.

Maduabuchi said snakes play an essential role in the ecosystem by controlling rodents’ populations, he said, adding that without predators like snakes, rodent populations could explode, leading to agriculture and health challenges.

He said exterminating snakes could disrupt the natural balance of an ecosystem, thereby leading to unintended ecological consequences.

Maduabuchi further said most people consider snakes as dangerous animals, but that in reality, they are not troublemakers but also fear humans.

“Snakes attack people because most of the time, man always encroach on their natural environment.

“When you encroach, they will naturally try to defend themselves; it is in the process of defending themselves that they bite,” he explained.

He said the snakes also play important roles in cultures.

Maduabuchi cited the case of some parts of southeastern Nigeria, where pythons are never killed, but seen as gods, thereby attracting worshipers some of whom perceive it as ‘protectors of rivers and streams’.

He said the snake also played a significant role in the traditional treatment of ailments, with the scales used in the treatment of wounds and scares.

But not everybody is excited about snakes and their importance to mankind.

For Mr Williams Attah, a resident of Gombe metropolis, saying that snakes are friendly to humans is akin to saying that ‘fire does not burn human beings’.

“I do not think snakes are of any relevance in the society.  I only hear some people saying the reptiles help in clearing rodents on the farm whether this is true or false I do not regard them as being important,” he said.

Similarly, Mrs Alice Joseph, a resident of Kaltungo, said there is no love lost between her and snakes after losing a brother to the reptile 17 years ago.

“I hate snakes with a passion; I lost a brother 17 years ago, after being bitten by a snake,” she explained.

A cross-section of other respondents in Gombe also said that a ‘snake will always remain a snake’ and that no degree of ‘embellishment’ would change the reality.

However, in spite of the snakephobia experts have not relented in laundering the importance of the reptile, insisting that snakes are utility creatures that only react to human provocation in self-defense.  (NANFeatures)

**If used please credit the writer and News Agency of Nigeria.

By Funmilola Gboteku (News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

In today’s world, most youths and adults daily expose themselves to Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) produced by electrical appliances, power lines, wiring in buildings, and a lot of other technologies that are part of modern life.

The exposure starts with the dishwasher and microwave oven in the kitchen, to the clock radio on the bedside, and the cell phone in the hand or ear, sometimes, for hours each day.

According to some researchers and medical experts, exposure to EMR is growing and becoming a serious health threat.

They are worried that a huge public health crisis is looming from one particular threat, EMR from cell phones.

Studies have shown that radiation from phones and tower-based antennas carrying signals have been linked to development of brain tumors, genetic damage and other conditions such as sleeping disorders and headaches.

Researchers warn that there are more than five billion cell phone users being exposed to the dangers of EMR.

According to researchers, the amount of time spent on the phone is irrelevant, as the danger mechanism is triggered within seconds.

Some other stakeholders in the science and wellness industry are also of the opinion that Wi-Fi, cell towers and phones are of serious danger to humans because of the radiation they emit.

The Vice-Chancellor of Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Prof. Abiodun Adebayo, says exposure to Wi-Fi and other electromagnetic frequencies could cause DNA defragmentation in sperm cells and slow sperm motility.

Adebayo spoke at a workshop organised recently in Lagos by QNET, a wellness and lifestyle company.

According to the vice-chancellor, heat emitted from laptops can kill sperm cells outrightly.

He expresses concerns that the human body is being put under severe pressure from constant exposure to EMR from electronic devices which have become indispensable in today’s digital world.

The professor of biochemistry says studies have shown that Wi-Fi causes oxidative stress, sperm and testicular damage.

He explains that oxidative stress is an imbalance of antioxidants in the body, which can lead to cell and tissue damage.

“Most of us, especially men, are fond of putting phones in our pockets, not knowing the excessive damage it causes in the area of male fertility.

“Some of us also sleep with our phones on the bed, not knowing the amount of radiation that these devices generate and how dangerous they are to our health,” he warns.

The biochemistry professor urges maintenance of distance from Wi-Fi for the safety of humans although mobile phones and wireless technology have become an integral part of modern communication.

“It is not surprising that a greater percentage of adults experience stress, headaches, tiredness and sleeping problems due to exposure to EMR,” the vice-chancellor says.

QNET’s Product Specialist, Dr Shafi Shaik, is also of the opinion that exposure to radiation from cell phones can lead to depleted and inconsistent energy levels and cause anxiety, depression and low immunity.

He says one in every four workers suffers burnout due to exposure to wireless radiation from cell phones, 5G masts and wireless routers, among others.

While noting that humans have become increasingly dependent on wireless technologies to assist in their everyday lives, he notes that 10 years ago, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, a part of World Health Organization, designated cell phones as a possible human carcinogen.

He adds that research has shown evidence of increase in glioma and acoustic neuroma brain cancer as a result of radiation from mobile phone.

” We are energy beings. We are sensitive to energy from other living beings, the earth, the sun and from our technology.

“A research conducted by the American Psychological Association in 2019 showed that 75 per cent of adults report symptoms of stress, including headaches, tiredness and sleeping problems.

“Chronic stress is a silent killer because it lowers resistance to diseases, causes anxiety and depression, eating disorders, decreased mood, reduced mental and physical performance, fatigue, accelerated aging, development of unhealthy lifestyle habits and reduced sex drive,” Shaik says.

For the Pesident of the Institute for Frontier Science, U.S., Prof. Beverly Rubik, in the early 80s people lived healthier lives free from many toxicity caused by wireless technologies, smart devices and gas emissions, among others.

“I am shocked at how the younger generation are sicker than the older generation.

“Now, you find young people having diseases that are typical of old people because they have been exposed to a large amount of EMR as a result of the smart devices they keep around them, “Rubik says.

The Director of Panoramic Synergy Enterprises Ltd., Nihinlola Adeyemi, emphasises that research has shown that these technologies pose long-term medical issues to human beings.

She adds that studies have highlighted public concerns about childhood and adult cancers.

According to Adeyemi, there is possibility that some individuals experience hypersensitivity or other symptoms in response to the technologies.

Adeyemi, like the other experts, recommends that people should minimise overall cell phone usage and distance themselves from wireless technologies to reduce exposure.

They also advise use of phone speaker or a plug-in earpiece to keep phone away from the brain and the body.

They urge that cell phones should not be kept in pockets or brassiere because they emit radiations constantly even when not in active use. (NANFeatures)

Edited by Ijeoma Popoola

***If used, please credit the writer and the agency**

By Kayode Adebiyi, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

In a country that has its legal tender, it is surprising how the dollar and its exchange rate determine almost every transaction in Nigeria to the detriment of the local currency – the naira.

More surprising is how the same foreign exchange has two different values, depending on where it is being traded.

As a result of the exchange rate volatility of the naira, President Bola Tinubu announced the floating of the Nigerian currency to peg the activities of unwholesome middlemen in his inaugural speech on May 29, 2023.

The idea of floating the naira means that people can get forex at the banks at affordable rates.
Banks and other institutions can buy and sell dollars at their rates.

Financial experts say, ordinarily, this should have been sufficient enough to boost the power of the Nigerian currency.

Welcomed by many, the measure failed to produce the desired result and seemed to plunge the Nigerian currency into further deep against major foreign currencies.

In response, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) initiated a comprehensive strategy to enhance liquidity in the forex market, including unifying FX market segments, clearing outstanding FX obligations, and introducing new operational mechanisms for Bureau De Change operators.

Others are enforcing the Net Open Position limit for commercial banks, and adjusting the remunerable Standing Deposit Facility Cap. Yet, the naira keeps dropping in the forex market.

The apex bank also said that Nigerians spent about $98bn on foreign trips, medical tourism, and overseas education, which was by far more than the total foreign exchange reserves it had.

Also, it was realised that merchants on crypto platforms list their exchange rates for buying US dollars for naira and aim to attract sellers by proposing high naira values for the US dollar.

To remain competitive and attract sellers, merchants advertise higher dollar-to-naira rates than they are willing to pay, causing the visible dollar rate to increase and the implied value of the naira to decrease.

Worried by the continued depreciation of the Nigerian currency, the federal government decided to make further concerted efforts to safeguard Nigeria’s foreign exchange market and combat speculative activities.

Central to those efforts is a multi-pronged and multi-agency approach, which saw the Office of the National Security Adviser (ONSA) and the CBN joining forces to address challenges impacting the nation’s economic stability.

The collaborative approach to tackle these infractions also involves a coordinated effort with key law enforcement agencies, including the Nigeria Police Force (NPF), the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), the Nigeria Customs Service and the Nigeria Financial Intelligence Unit (NFIU).

Indeed, the decision to join forces to tackle the challenge at hand is in line with the provisions of Nigeria’s National Security Strategy (NSS 2019).

Chapter Five of the document spells out measures to achieve economic security.

“Our overall national security agenda, including sustainable development, prosperity and external influence is dependent on a viable and prosperous economy.

“We will integrate our economic potential and opportunities with other components of national security for the prosperity of our people…

“We will uphold the principle of free enterprise; and create an equitable business environment to promote an efficient, dynamic, and self-reliant economy.”

Most importantly, it emphasises the need for collaboration: “All relevant Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) or institutions established for national economic management will collaborate to ensure effective and efficient implementation of the economic objective of this Strategy.”

In a 2021 article on the NSS, Chukwuemeka Uwanaka almost predicted the scenario that called for the multi-agency response against naira depreciation when he wrote: “On the economy, the ONSA should play a more collaborative role in the fight against financial crimes and official corruption.

“This will ensure that the increased expenditure and appropriation in the social sector are not lost in the procurement process.”

Authorities said the primary objective of the multi-agency and multi-sector collaboration was to systematically identify, thoroughly investigate and appropriately penalise individuals and organisations involved in wrongful activities within the FX market by leveraging the expertise of these agencies.

The CBN maintained that, despite proactive and commendable measures taken to stabilise the foreign exchange market and stimulate economic activities, the effectiveness of its initiatives was being undermined by the activities of speculators.

These speculators, it said, operate through various channels, thereby exacerbating the depreciation of the Nigerian Naira and contributing to inflation and economic instability.

In what has been hailed as a decisive action to address the depreciation of the naira against the dollar, the Nigerian government blocked the online platforms of Binance and other crypto firms.

This move aimed to prevent further manipulation of the forex market and curb illicit fund movements. Other platforms blocked include Forextime, OctaFX, Crypto, FXTM, Coinbase, and Kraken, as part of the government’s efforts.

The government also disclosed its intention to raise $10 billion to enhance liquidity in the foreign exchange market, indicating its commitment to addressing the challenges faced by the currency.

On its part, ONSA issued directives to law enforcement agencies to take strict actions against individuals involved in speculation in the foreign exchange market.

Before then, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) raised a 7,000-man special task force across its 14 zonal commands to clamp down on dollar racketeers.

While answering questions from journalists on the recent restriction on Binance and other cryptocurrency platforms, the CBN Governor, Olayemi Cardoso, said, in the last year, more than $26 billion was funnelled through Binance without a trace.

He added that the CBN was moving to a very aggressive regulatory environment.

“Tolerance for people who will not abide by the regulations that are coming out is zero. People will have to comply with our regulations or face the consequences for not doing so,” he said.

Bayo Onanuga, Special Adviser to the President on Information and Strategy, said in an interview that by taking these measures, the federal government is trying to prevent economic saboteurs from ruining the country.

“We have saboteurs. Look at what Binance is doing to our economy. That is why the government moved against Binance.

“Some people sit down using cyberspace to dictate our exchange rate, hijacking the role of the CBN. They just sit down and fix anything they like. It’s sabotage, and we are trying to prevent that from happening henceforth,” he said.

The considerable results these various measures of government have produced within a short time not only point to a right step in the right direction. They also show the ability of the present administration to respond adequately to Nigeria’s economic and other challenges.(NANFeatures)
**If used please credit the writer and News Agency of Nigeria

By Justina Auta, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

Although what constitutes child marriage ranges from country to country in Nigeria child marriage is any formal marriage or informal union between a girl under the age of 18 and an adult or another child.

It is considered a harmful practice under international human rights law and often associated with severe forms of violence against women and girls, including intimate partner violence.

In spite of reported decline in this harmful practice over the past decade, child marriage is still widespread and prevalent in developing and underdeveloped countries.

The practice poses significant threat to the development of adolescents, particularly, the girl-child, as it not only affects their health, socio-economic status, but also negatively impacts on their education.

“Even though I was smarter and performed better in school than my brothers, my father forced me to stop going to school and married me off at 14 years.

He felt girls had no business with getting education,” says Hannatu Bala, the 28 years old roadside corn seller in Abuja.

According to Bala, the effect of not acquiring formal and informal education has affected and made her more vulnerable to societal ills.

“I have no skills. I can’t read nor write neither do I have to venture into any business.

“What will befall my six children if I leave my marriage just to escape all the abuses I face almost on a daily basis,” worried Bala told News Agency of Nigeria (NAN).

The petty trader, like so many vulnerable girl-child deprived of education and forced or cajoled into marry early; endure hardship, violence and abuses. Most of them live in abject poverty.

In their deprivation, they also face the herculean task of carrying the burden of providing for their dependents.

According to 2021 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, 44.1 per cent of girls in Nigeria marry before 18 years, totaling 25.9 million child brides the largest burden in Africa.

The survey, which was conducted by National Bureau of Statistics and UNICEF, puts Nigeria in the third position in global ranking.

Ms Cristian Munduate, UNICEF Country Representative in Nigeria, who spoke in Abuja at a National Dialogue on Ending Child Marriage in Nigeria, said Bauchi, Jigawa and Zamfara had the highest number of child brides in Nigeria.

The three states have a combined figure of 25million cases.

“Jigawa has 72 per cent of its children getting married before the age of 18, Katsina has little less at 69 per cent and Zamfara has nearly 67 per cent of its children getting married.’’

While calling for more investment in education for all children, Munduate said the practice not only violates human rights but also hinders Nigeria’s social and economic development.

“A recent study by the Federal Ministry of Women Affairs and UNICEF estimates an annual cost of 10 billion dollars as economic burden of child marriage to the nation.

“The study also projects a potential GDP boost of nearly 25 per cent upon its eradication.

“The consequences of child marriage ripple through society, impacting not only the lives of child brides but the entire fabric of our nation,” she said

Nigeria’s government efforts to end child marriage, violence and other harmful traditional practice against children prompted the need to launch the National Campaign and Strategy 2016-2021).

It also led to the domestication of the Violence Against Person Prohibition (VAPP) Act 2015 and the Child Rights Act.

These efforts contributed to strengthening systems for quality prevention and response services and helped in addressing some of the contributory factors to child marriage in the country.

The Federal Government has also commenced engagements with relevant UN agencies, religious and traditional leaders, as well as other stakeholders to end the practice of early child marriage.

Nigeria has a national target of 2030 to end all forms of child marriage and collaboration is vital towards achieving the dream.

Recently, Mrs Uju Kennedy-Ohanenye, Minister of Women Affairs, told a national dialogue on ending child marriage in Abuja that it challenge posed by child marriage required the involvement of all stakeholders.

Kennedy-Ohanenye said there was need to educate and engage traditional, religious women groups and other stakeholders at the community level on the negative effects of the practice on the girl-child.

Similarly, Prof. Olufolake Abdulrazaq, Wife of Kwara governor and Chairperson, Nigerian Governor’s Spouses Forum, said ending child marriage in Nigeria involved leveraging the instruments of the law.

“There is need for community efforts and the good standing of leaders of socio- cultural and religious institutions; civil society organisations and development partners to assess the concerns posed by child marriage.

“We need to get rid of endemic dysfunctional aspects of the various cultural traditions in the country which have an incorrect gender discriminatory norm,” she said.

Her plea seems to be getting attention at the right quarters.

Sultan of Sokoto, Muhammad Sa’ad Abubakar III, represented by Alhaji Attahiru Ahmed, Emir of Zamfara, acknowledging the need for children to attain at least attain 18 years with a minimum of secondary school education before getting married.

Also, President, Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN), Archbishop Daniel Okoh, through Dr Micheal Akinwale, of Methodist Church, Nigeria, urged increased investment in the future of children to end child marriage.

Dr Haliru Yahaya, Emir of Shoga Emirate Council in Kwara  attributed poverty, illiteracy and cultures as some of the factors that fuel child marriage.

Yahaya, reiterated the need for improved access to education, empowerment, awareness creation on the negative effects of child marriage.

He also reminded both traditional and religious leaders of their pivotal role to ending child marriage in Nigeria.

The potential of the girl child is enormous. All obstacles that hinder this should be removed.

The society should take deliberate efforts to secure her future and contribute to national development by investing in her education, health and empowerment.

All stakeholders, especially the local communities, Civil Society Organisations, governments and the media should unite against child marriage.

The critical question remains: How prepared is Nigeria to end child marriage six years from now? (NANFeatures)

**If used please credit the writer and News Agency of Nigeria.

By Tosin Kolade, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

“Our ‘Joko’ charcoal stoves are a must-have for everyone. Easy to use; cook faster; use less charcoal and super durable.

“Because of its wall insulation, it concentrates all the generated heat onto the food that is cooking for even, and faster cooking.

“The big size sells for N21,500, while the small size sells for N15,000, We are not taking online orders for now only store pickups”.

These and many more are what you find available at website of online store of a popular brand that sells locally-fabricated kitchen appliances.

Many of these brands use different catchphrases and advertising strategies as they hustle for customers in the fast growing charcoal stove market.

From using sponsored advertising campaigns online, the word of mouth and referrals, the advent of charcoal stoves and its acceptability among Nigerians cannot be underestimated.

Due to rising kerosene and cooking gas prices, a Mararaba resident, Hauwa Ladan says she has shifted to charcoal stoves and firewood as primary cooking fuels.

She finds charcoal stoves economical and faster for family meals, and has recommended it to friends and neighbours.

Ladan highlights the considerable impact of high cost of cooking gas, saying that it leaves huge holes in household expenditure in Nigeria.

“Nigerians should go back to charcoal. They believe gas cooks faster, whereas charcoal is better!

“ There’s no cooking pot you place on charcoal that will go black. It’s only firewood that stains cooking pots’’, Mrs. Elizabeth Moyegun“, told a national daily recently.

The recent blame game by the Nigerian Association of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Marketers (NALPGAM) and LPG terminal owners for the high cooking gas prices underscores the complexities in the supply chain.

Industry watchers say such disputes may reveal challenges in distribution, storage, or pricing strategies.

Addressing these issues is crucial to stabilise and potentially lower cooking gas prices for consumers, the NALPGAM says.

President of the NALPGAM, Oladapo Olatunbosun, insists that liquefied petroleum gas, popularly called cooking gas, has risen to at least N1,300 per kilogramme.

Although charcoal and firewood may come handy in this period of expensive cooking gas, experts warn that it comes at a huge cost to the environment.

They come in the shape of deforestation, air pollution, degradation of ecosystems and other potential consequences.

According to a United Nations data, between 2005-2010, Nigeria experienced an annual loss of over 2 million hectares of forest, primarily due to agricultural expansion, logging, and infrastructure development.

Nigeria is a major consumer of fossil fuel for cooking, with over 120 million Nigerians relying on firewood and charcoal for their cooking needs, according to the International Energy Agency.

A report by National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), says cooking gas prices surged by 38 per cent, hitting ₦16,250 per 12.5kg cylinder in January 2024.

The NBS says there was a 3.55 per cent month-on-month increase in the average retail price for refilling a 5kg cylinder.

This surge in prices is accompanied by a 37 per cent increase in the price of 1kg of gas, which rose to ₦1,300 from ₦950 during the same period, the agency said.

Dr Temitope Oyetunji, a family health doctor in Abuja, said the use of firewood has dual impact on both users and the environment.

According to Oyetunji, the smoke from burning firewood poses health risks, leading to respiratory and heart diseases when inhaled.

He emphasised that the emitted smoke particles contribute to environmental pollution, impacting the ozone layer.

“The consistent use of firewood and other fossil fuels creates polluted air, affecting several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

“They include SDG3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 7 (Affordable and clean energy), SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities), and SDG 13 (climate action)”.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) points at fossil fuels, as major contributors to harmful emissions, significantly impact global health.

The WHO says 99 percent of the world’s population breathes air exceeding the organisation’s recommended quality limits, thereby posing threats to health.

Consequently, the WHO stresses the urgent need to reduce fossil fuel usage and implement tangible measures to alleviate air pollution.

Analysts say encouraging sustainable alternatives and efficient use of cooking gas could mitigate these environmental impacts and promote a healthier balance between energy needs and environmental conservation.

According to them, promoting sustainable practices, such as reforestation, efficient use of wood, and alternative energy sources, is essential to mitigate these environmental consequences.

An Environmentalist, Mr Newton Jibunoh, underscored the detrimental impact of tree felling for firewood in Nigeria, emphasising that it led to loss of biodiversity.

Jibunoh highlighted that deforestation significantly diminishes habitats for diverse plant and animal species, resulting in a notable decline in overall biodiversity.

According to him, the crucial role trees play in preventing soil erosion cannot be ignored, saying that their removal, as seen in the quest for firewood, can lead to diminished soil fertility and an increase in erosion rates.

He drew attention to the role of trees in absorbing carbon dioxide, noting that widespread removal of trees for firewood contributes to elevated levels of greenhouse gases, thereby exacerbating the challenges posed by climate change.

“The significance of trees in regulating water cycles cannot be underestimated, deforestation disrupts local hydrological patterns, potentially affecting water availability in the region.

“Many communities rely on forests for resources, as deforestation intensifies, these communities experience adverse effects on their livelihoods and cultural practices”.

Experts advocate a shift to sustainable cooking practices in Nigeria by addressing the escalating costs of traditional fuels like gas.

They opine that fostering collaboration and addressing supply chain issues could stabilise and lower cooking gas prices, benefiting both the economy and the environment.

They also propose reforestation and alternative energy adoption to mitigate environmental impacts. (NANFeatures)

**If used please credit the writer and News Agency of Nigeria.

PRESIDENT TINUBU, AMIR OF QATAR’S PACT TO SECURE THE FUTURE

By Oche Echeija Egwa
National dailies on Monday in Doha, Qatar, were awash with photos of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s visit, meetings with His Highness, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, at the Presidential Palace, Amir Diwan, and the business community. The headlines were profound and generous on the president’s two-day itinerary.

The Gulf Times led with “Qatar, Nigeria to Expand Relations” and subtitled, “Qatar, Nigeria Set Sights on Multi-field Economic Ties”, describing the visit as strategic and consequential in building partnerships across sectors. Another newspaper, The Peninsular, headlined: “Qatar, Nigeria Sign Several Agreements”, while the Gulf Times Business led with, “Qatar-Nigeria Business Forum Seeks Enhanced Co-operation in Commerce, Investment and Industry Sectors.”

The gulf newspapers harped on the implications of the invitation by His Highness, Sheikh Al Thani, the robust relations between both countries, and sense of urgency that marked the state visit, highlighting inauguration of the Qatar-Nigeria Business Forum by President Tinubu, and Minister of Commerce and Industry, Sheikh Mohamed Bin Hamad Bin Qassim al-Thani, with ministers, Chamber of Commerce representatives, business associations, investors, and representatives of leading companies.

President Tinubu’s tripod meetings at the Amir Diwan were also significant; starting out with a bilateral to discuss key areas of mutual interests, with the Amir, his ministers and advisers; a closed-door meeting between the two leaders and signing of seven multi-sectoral Agreements and Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)on education, labor, tourism, trade, mining, agriculture and sports.

The seven agreements signed were: Cooperation Agreement in the Field of Education; Regulation of Employment of Workers with the Government of Qatar; Establishment of a Joint Business Council (JBC) between the Qatar Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Nigerian Association of Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Mines, and Agriculture (NACCIMA); in addition to a Cooperation Agreement in the Field of Youths and Sports. The other agreements: Cooperation in the Field of Tourism and Business Events, and a Memorandum of Understanding Combating Illicit Trade in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.

The signing ceremony was facilitated by the Special Adviser to the President, Media and Publicity, Chief Ajuri Ngelale and the Qatari Director of Media Affairs Department, Jassim Saad Al-Romaihi.

The documents were signed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ambassador Yusuf Tuggar, and relevant officials in the Government of the State of Qatar, Buthaina bint Ali Al Jabr Al Nuaimi, Minister of Education and Higher Education; Dr Ahmad Hassen Al-Hammadi, Secretary General at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Sheikh Khalifa Bin Jassim Al Thani, Chairman of Qatar Chamber of Commerce & Industry (QCCI), and Abdullah bin Khalaf bin Hattab Al Kaabi, Undersecretary of the Ministry of Interior (MOI).

Nigerian ministers who were present at the bilateral meetings and signing ceremony were: Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Mr Wale Edun; Minister of Solid Minerals Development, Dr Dele Alake; Coordinating Minister of Health and Social Welfare, Prof. Muhammad Ali Pate; Minister of Trade, Industry and Investment, Dr Doris Uzoka-Anite; and the Minister of State for Petroleum Resources (Gas), Mr Ekperipe Ekpo. Also present was the Special Adviser to the President on Energy, Mrs Olu Verheijen and Nigeria’s Charge d’ Affairs in Qatar, Rabiu Suleiman.

From the Qatari side, the bilateral meeting was attended by Chief of the Amir Diwan, Sheikh Saoud bin Abdul-rahaman al-Thani, Advisor on National Security, Mohammed Bin Ahmed Al Misnad, Minister of Finance, Ali bin Ahmed al- Kuwari, Minister of Public Health, Dr Hanan Mohammed Al-Kuwari, Minister of State for Energy Affairs, Eng. Saad bin Sherida al-Kaabi, the Minister of Commerce and Industry, Shiekh Mohammed bin Hammad bin Qassim al- Thani, and a number of top officials.

Before the signing of agreements, President Tinubu, who was received by the Amir in an elaborate military ceremony, assured his host of Nigeria’s preparedness to welcome investors into the country and to honor all agreements entered. He said that the ongoing reforms favour innovation, return on investments, and multiculturalism.

“Our greatest strength is our people. Our strength lies in the capacity of Nigerian youths. They have energy, talent, and self-belief. They are quality partners for Qatari industry. They are educated and reliable, and they are proactively seeking to add value wherever they are. A few people cannot give a bad name to the many. Nigerian youths are ready to be unleashed for the mutual benefit of both nations,” he said.

The President expressed confidence in the partnership with Qatar, which started with the establishment of Embassies in 2013, and exchange of visits by leaders of both countries, in 2016 by President Muhammadu Buhari, and 2019 by the Amir of Qatar.

“We have seen clearly the rapid pace and thorough quality of Qatar’s development process. It is impossible not to be moved by what you have accomplished. The leadership in the country has proven its mettle, and we are here to gain deeper insight. There is nowhere in the world where you will find return on investment at the level of what you will see in Nigeria,” he added.

The President told his host that a massive market of over 200 million skilled Nigerians, always industrious and ready to work, awaits investors, noting that the country was also reeling from short-term turbulence, with a sound economic team working hard to ameliorate it.

Sheikh Hamad Al-Thani said Qatar was open to President Tinubu’s investment push, recalling that he traveled to Nigeria in 2019 owing to his belief that Nigeria was an important and strategic ally on its own and within the context of its role in regional affairs.

“I have no doubt about the great capacity of the Nigerian people. Everywhere in the world, they are known for their brilliance and hard work. We only need to ensure that this is happening inside of Nigeria rather than outside.

“The investments we have made around the world have been very fruitful. This is because we take our time and study opportunities before we invest the common wealth of our people. It is not my money. The money we invest belongs to the future generations of Qatar,” the Amir of Qatar stated.

The leader of the gulf state, which successfully hosted the world’s largest crowd pulling sports event, FIFA World Cup, 2022, said he was really encouraged by President Tinubu’s actions and passion to create new opportunities.

“We are very open to this, and follow-up is everything at this point. The will is there for both of us, but we must follow up. I will send a team of officials to Nigeria after Ramadan, and we will advance discussions on what some of the actionable investment opportunities are,” the Qatari leader said.

President Tinubu named the Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Mr Edun as the team leader of the government team that would interface with Qatari authorities in investment identification and implementation.

Furthermore, during the bilateral deliberations, President Tinubu enabled a brief presentation to the Amir by the Minister of Solid Minerals Development, Dr Alake, who spoke in detail about the high-grade of several minerals, including lithium, immediately derivable across the country with an emphasis on imminent opportunities for local mineral processing and value-additive industry in the sector.

After the engagements at the Amir Diwan, the President proceeded to the Qatar-Nigeria Business Forum. Qatari Minister of Commerce, Sheikh Mohamed, noted that President Tinubu’s participation in the forum showed the quality of relationship between the two countries, and efforts to further improve across various sectors, with investments, strategic cooperation, and cultural ties.

At the forum, the Chairman of the Qatar Chamber, Shiekh Khalifa bin Jassim al-Thani noted that trade volume between Qatar and Nigeria grew by 12 per cent in 2023, affirming that the volume would increase with more participation by the private sectors of both countries.

At the business forum, President Tinubu assured investors of safe haven for funds, return on Investments, adding that the economic and financial reforms have repositioned the economy for safe investments. He told investors that ongoing reforms were deliberately structured to open up the economy for investments, with the streamlining of taxes and bureaucracy, and leveraging technology to guarantee safe and easy repatriation of funds.

“My responsibility in Qatar is to tell you that Nigerians are your friends and we are open for business, with honest partnerships,” he assured the gathering of businessmen in Qatar, and the Nigerian Association of Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Mines and Agriculture (NACCIMA).

Accompanied by the Governors of Borno State, Prof. Babagana Zulum, Kaduna State, Sen. Uba Sani, Lagos State, Babajide Sanwo-Olu and National Security Adviser, Nuhu Ribadu, the President said the Nigerian business group, at the meeting, will provide partnership and guidance into some of the viable sectors, like oil/gas, solid minerals, energy, telecoms and agriculture.

“The reform in Nigeria is still ongoing. Forget what you heard in the past that was negative. Whatever problems or obstacles of the past will not have any bearing on the country. We have men and women of integrity. Nigeria is now ready for business,” he added.

President Tinubu left Doha a happier man; having ticked all the boxes on economic diplomacy, with an assurance from the Amir of Qatar that after the Ramadan, a delegation of businessmen and top government officials will visit Nigeria, and start activating the Agreements and MOUs.

“One hour of my presence here with you is not as critical as the continuity. A country remains an artificial entity, unless it has good people to drive it,” the President said at the closing of meetings with investors.

Oche Echeija Egwa is an Assistant Director, Office of the Special Adviser to the President on Media & Publicity.

By Kayode Adebiyi, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

Saturday, March 2, 2024, was a sad day for the family, friends, colleagues and fans of `Mr Ibu`, the veteran Nigerian actor whose demise was announced on that fateful day following a protracted illness.

Announcing the death of the popular comedian, the President of the Actors Guild of Nigeria, Emeka Rollas, said in a social media post: “I announce with deep sense of grief that Mr Ibu didn’t make it.”

Born John Ikechukwu Okafor on Oct. 17, 1961, and hailed from Umunekwu in Nkanu West Local Government Area of Enugu State, Mr Ibu took ill in October 2023.

One month later, his family confirmed that an amputation procedure had to be carried out on his legs to keep him alive.

Okafor’s popular stage nickname, `Mr Ibu` came about when he rose to stardom in 2003 with the comic movie with the same name as its title.

More than two decades later, the man had brought so much happiness and laughter from the TV screens of many Nigerians and Africans that he was easily regarded as one of Nigeria’s most talented entertainers.

But like many of his colleagues in the entertainment industry, Mr Ibu’s road to fame was not paved with roses.

He lost his father after his primary education in 1974 and moved to Sapele (in today’s Delta State) to live with his brother, where he survived on menial jobs.

To underscore how Mr Ibru “hustled”, he experimented with so many jobs, including being a hairstylist, trying his hands on photography, butchering, and working in factories.

Before his acting career, Mr Ibu was also a boxer, football coach, and karate practitioner

Having pulled out of the College of Education, Yola, due to paucity of funds, he later enrolled in the Institute of Management and Technology (IMT), Enugu.

In an interview, Mr Ibu said he bore the scars of the Nigerian Civil War, and in the process lost his father and several other close relatives.

He also said he inherited his comic nature from his grandfather.

Having featured in over 200 movies, music videos, comedy skits, commercial soap operas and adverts, perhaps what first endeared Mr Ibu into the hearts of his fans were those movies featuring Aki and Pawpaw.

The seemingly Siamese twins, played by Chinedu Ikedieze and Osita Iheme, had a way of matching Mr Ibu’s mischief for mischief and their combination brought so much laughter to many homes.

Many believe that the Minister of Arts, Culture and Creative, Hajia Hannatu Musawa, spoke for the vast majority of Nigerians when she said Mr Ibu made families happy.

“I’m deeply shocked at too many deaths occurring at the same time. Mr Ibu was a household name who made families happy throughout his acting career.

“His death at this time is very unfortunate and a sad one for us all in the entertainment industry. We will sorely miss him. May his soul rest in peace,” she said.

Prof. Joy Ezeilo, a law professor and former UN rapporteur, also echoed the minister’s statement when she referred to Mr Ibu as a beloved figure who brought laughter to many.

Many of his fans agree that Mr Ibu, just like other mere mortals, was not perfect, but his infectious sense of humour redefined the comedy sub-genre of the Nigerian entertainment industry during his time.

It was that humour that beamed happiness into many homes for the better part of the 62 years of his sojourn on earth. (NANFeatures)

**If used please credit the writer and News Agency of Nigeria

How influx of displaced persons fuels insecurity in northern Kaduna

By Mustapha Adamu Yauri, News Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

In a rented apartment at Layin Zomo area of Sabon Gari Local Government Area (LGA), Kaduna State Malama Maryam Aminu subs as she packs her belongings.

Aminu and her family members are among those who fled their homes in Giwa, Giwa LGA to Layin Zomo Giwa town due to insecurity, kidnapping in particular.

Having spent some time in her new home, it is now time for the family of three to return to their ancestral home.

Her husband, Malam Mohammadul Aminu, who was a trader in cement and flour, went missing after closing from his business in Giwa on his way back to Layin Zomo in what seems to be a case of kidnap.

Aminu, like most people insecurity prone areas of Giwa and Birnin Gwari, LGAs and some parts of Dandume and Sabuwa Local Gas moved their families to the relatively peaceful areas in Zaria and Sabon Gari LGAs in Kaduna State,

Others found their way to neighbouring Funtua  LGA in Katsina state.

However, preliminary findings from Aminu’s friend, Malam Abdullahi Tanko, revealed that his abductors of did have establish contact with his family months after his abduction.

After months of waiting, the family has decided to return home and face the reality of live without their breadwinner.

This is situation is familiar among many families in the northern part of Kaduna State particularly in Giwa, Sabon-Gari, Zaria, Ikara, Kubau and Lere Local Government Areas.

Alhaji Ahmed Tsoho, Ward Head of Dagarawa, Sabon Gari LGA, said the village was the fastest developing community in the area as such it is witnessing the influx people displaced by insecurity from neighbouring states.

Tsoho also said the migration of these displaced persons into Dogarawa has disturbed the security equilibrium of the community, hence the new security measures from Zazzau Emirate Council to checkmate the menace.

Even land and property matters are not spared warranting the traditional authorities in the area to take measures to address the challenge.

Tsoho said part of the moves to challenge of unchecked migration was the establishment of a three-man committee to regulate the practices of land and property agents in the area as recommended by the emirate council.

He said claimed that the influx of the IDPs has brought with it, increased security challenge in the area which hitherto had been virtually crime free.

He said on January 14 kidnappers stormed New Layout in Dogarawa Community and kidnapped Halimatu Bello a housewife and her 17 years son, Yusuf Bello, and shot one person in the house.

Prior to the kidnap of the housewife and her son, a joint security team had foiled another kidnap attempt of the wife of one resident, Alhaji Danjuma.

Over five weeks after the kidnap of Halimatu and her son, the kidnappers are yet to established contact with the family

He alleged it was possible there were bad eggs among the migrants, stressing that the community is leveraging the community security team to beef up the security in the area.

“Prior to this arrival of internally displaced persons largely from Giwa to our area, Doagrawa was one of the most peaceful areas in the Zaria metropolis,” he said.

Besides the cases of kidnapping, the area also witnessed a surge in criminal activities such as theft, shop bugling, snatching of phones and other valuables in some isolated areas.

As part of the efforts to address the challenges, the community engaged no fewer than 30 security guards.

This, he said, was yielding results as shown in the recent interception of some suspected thieves, including one group disguised which disguised as women.

Similarly, Secretary of the Security Committee of Dogarawa, Malam Sabe Gafai, said the area has witnessed increased cases of shop burglaries and vandalisation of renovated one public primary school.

ASP Mansir Hassan, Police Public Relations Officer (PPRO), Kaduna State Police Command, confirmed the abduction of the housewife and her son.

Dr Isa Saidu, a lecturer in the Department of Political Science and International Studies Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria, said residents of Tudun Jukun in Zaria have been having some unpleasant experiences in recent times.

Saidu, who is also Secretary-General of Gyara Kayanka, a community development and security association, said people were being maimed and killed by hooligans and rascals in the area had increased.

“The activities of these rascals and hooligans have reached an extent that people rushed back to their houses immediately it was 7.00pm.

“We became tired of the situation and told ourselves that we cannot allow this to continue. Thus, formation of the association to address security and other challenges in the area,” ’’, he told News Agency of Nigeria (NAN).

Sa’idu said the association obtained the commitment and cooperation of major stakeholders, including,, academics, clerics, traditional leaders and others.

“These different classes of people made sacrifices and put in their energy to ensure that the community and other parts of Zaria are sanitised’’, he said.

Like Dogarawa, TudunJukun was similarly a host to many displaced people who were forced to flee their homes and communities because of kidnapping and insecurity.

Sa’idu explained that the association profiles the people who migrated to the area from insecurity prone areas.

“If we find out that he was a victim of insecurity we accommodate him and on the contrary we reject such persons“, he said.

He said the association also works closely with the land and property agents through the District Head of TudunJukun to ascertain the true identity of those buying or renting a property in the area.

Saidu urged the government to provide constitutional roles for traditional rulers to further stem security challenges bedevilling different parts of the country.

“Even in the bush, their Ardo (head of Fulani clans) have their jurisdiction and they impose taxation each cow payable by the owners of the herd.

Besides revenue generation, the Jangali served as a link between the Fulani in the forest and the government. It also enabled the Ardo to know all Fulanis in his jurisdiction and the number of the cattle.”

“The government used this data from the Ardo for planning, vaccination among others. So, you can see check and balances in the former system,’’ he said.

A senior member of Kaduna Vigilance Services (KDVS), who spoke on the condition of anonymity for security reasons, confirmed that the influx of displaced persons to Giwawas fueling posed a security challenge to the areas.

He said they were able to detect some bad eggs among the migrants

Bawa added that Giwa Division of the local security command had appealed to the state government for logistics supply additional logistics.

He also spoke about other problems, including non-payment of allowances to the vigilante personnel.

“Our personnel were mobilised to go into Giwa and Birnin Gwari forests for a combat with the bandits and even after spending over two months in the bush their allowances were not paid up till now,’’ Bawa alleged.

He called for more commitment from the government in the fight against insecurity.

“We have documents where we hinted on where these bandits are, and they were still allowed to stay and be terrorizing people.

“We regularly receive intelligence on the bandits’ movements from our men and members of hunters’ group and at the end of the day they will succeed in perpetrating their heinous acts“, he queried.

The vigilante member advised government to block Gangagara, Yakawada and Kaya in Kaduna axis and some part of Sabuwa LGA in Katsina State.

He said their investigations showed that they were part of routes used by the bandits as link between Birnin Gwari forest, some parts of Katsina and Zamfara states.

Corroborating this, Alhaji Tukur Ramalan, a resident of Shika, , said the increasing number of displaced persons from the neighbouring states to the Giwa was giving the residents a course for concern.

He said the influx coincided with increase in crimes in Shika community.

However, a zonal officer of KDVS, who spoke on condition of anonymity safety reasons, said there were more security personnel in Zaria Zone than the combined number of the vigilante recently recruited in Katsina and Zamfara states.

He explained that recently, 1,600 vigilantes in Katsina State recruited personnel while there are 1,400 personnel within Zaria LGA; over 2,000 in Giwa LGA and 2,500 in Birnin Gwari LGA.

He, however, admitted the rising cases of criminal activities in the zone, including kidnapping, banditry, cattle rustling, as well as burning of silos, houses, cars, and trucks during attacks.

He attributed these cases to what he termed as “an unchecked movements of IDPs in the area”, adding that it was more prominent in Giwa and Igabi LGAs.

He aligned himself with the position of traditional leader of Dogarawa that unchecked influx of IDPs was jeopardizing security in places like Dogarawa, Nagoyi, Madaci and many suburbs of Zaria metropolis.

For instance, the commander said, in January and February the command arrested 20 bandits and eliminated many others of charge by the combined team of KDVS and the military.

He said KDVS were also employing informers to track the movement of kidnappers and bandits.

“There is no way a bandit would leave a bush and come into the city without our knowledge; we regularly receive intelligence on their activities.

“We relayed this information to the police and military immediately for prompt action that is why attacks in Zaria reduced significantly.

“We have the records of each camp of kidnappers and the contact of the leaders of each camp, we know their targets, modes of operations, etc. This we achieved through effective use of our informers and intelligence,” he said.

He, therefore, urged communities to be more alert and deploy community policing models to protect themselves from attacks.

He also further urged government to empower traditional rulers for effective policing of domains.

Alhaji Mustapha Ubaidu, MarafanYamman Zazzau, Zazzau Emirate Council, Zaria, said district heads should deploy enhanced mechanisms that strengthen checks and balances among wards and village heads.

According to him, kidnap camps were established within the domains of wards and village heads as such they cannot pretend to be unaware of the existence of such camps.

“It is bad that some of the traditional rulers in the rural areas close their eyes to these atrocities,’’ he alleged.

He, therefore, urged the Emir of Zazzau, Malam Ahmad Bamalli to beam his searchlight on some of his ward and village heads by establishing a reward and sanction committee that would scrutinise them. (NANFeatures)

**If used please credit the writer and News Agency of Nigeria